I really have to say:
1. If your job is security-critical (as in what you do; I am talking about the task, not workplace), you should NOT play DF.
2. If your job is as a tester (possible; software leaks are not wanted), ask your boss if you can use a spare (!) system SUPPLIED BY THE WORKPLACE with no internet or network connection to play the game. Make sure that you bring DF, etc. in on a CD-R, and the disc will not be allowed to leave the premesis. Note: you will not be able to bring savegames out.
3. If your job is related to secure documents (which can NOT be afforded to be leaked; this is for the workplace), there is probably no chance that you can play the game in the workplace. I would not suggest it.
The difference between being a tester and not is that testers generally would have downtime. Additionally, the IT department may want to first analyse the executable themselves; if they do, there is a chance you will not be able to use Therapist, but DFHack should still be possible to use (Windows SDL DFHack loads itself along with the DF binary). Remember that there is labor management offered by DFHack, u-l, that is similar to DT.
If you are not allowed to play DF, do NOT try to play DF. It is probably not worth the risk; you could lose your job, and future employers could learn that you lost your job for a reason as silly as this.
Does Linux DF, in terminal mode, use the CP437 character set through Unicode? If so, SSH could be an option, if it is approved by your employer.