Islam might sort of contribute to an attitude hostile to the west because afaik, Islam moreso then other religions, makes a lot of promises about wealth and physical things in return for faithfulness, so the disparity in prosperity, technology and material things between the middle east and the western world is likely a source of envious contention in many believers.
Other then that, it's more about secularism vs mysticism. Modern civilization was based primarily on the former, science and rational thought. Religion is seen more as a minor personal decision. This simply isn't the case in many places in the world, especially the middle east.
Ah... actually, from what I understand, the largest contribution (though not the only, of course) to the whole hostility towards the west thing has been, well, the west. Quite a few of the western powers (the states especially, but we're far from alone there) having been taking successive and sometimes quite large dumps all over that entire region for... quite a while now. S'a lot of folks over there with seriously good reasons to be
royally pissed off at a fair number of the (post) industrialized powers
From what I've been poking at Islam scripture lately
that mixed with parts of the Quran probably
isn't helping, yeah. As I mentioned earlier, it's got a bit of a thing re: oppression, and as a kind of general thing the western world has been fitting itself pretty damn comfortably into that niche. It's kind of a sailed boat, but it's a interesting thing to wonder what would have happened if the period between the British Empire (or earlier... t'be honest, I'm entirely certain where the mostly one-way buggering began.) and now wasn't filled with quite so many examples of us westerners meddling where we seriously shouldn't have been.