I can't find any reference data on the stats for weapons and armor made from glass (all kinds) or gems. I keep finding foreign weapons made of "ebony" and "Ashlander" glass, and from how high they show up on the list of military "Specific Equipment" screen I'm inclined to think they're steel grade.
But what about native-made glass and gem weapons/armor? I can't find anything like the shear strength for them anywhere.
Vanilla glass is hardcoded but the raws were extracted from memory and are available on the
wiki. However, MDF adds a special kind of glass that's used for weapons and armor made at the glassforge, defined as GLASS_[GREEN|CLEAR|CRYSTAL]_WAR in inorganic_stone_mineral.txt. They differ from the vanilla values; green is pretty much iron-grade with all values made about 20% worse, clear is almost identical to iron (slightly higher MAX_EDGE), crystal is to steel as green is to iron (steel but 20% worse across the board).
Gem weapons (regardless of the actual gems used; a gem weapon made from diamond is no different from a gem weapon made from a green glass gem) use material GEMTIP which is found in zinorganic_masterwork.txt. I'm not 100% sure how it compares to metals but I think they're sharper; I remember Meph saying he uses those himself until it gets some of more of the advanced tech metals going.
Edit: So I completely didn't even read your post because I thought you were wondering about the new dwarf stuff moreso than the other glasses. Ashland and Ebony are orc stuff and found in inorganic_z_orcfort.txt (I only found this by searching the directory for "ebony" with windows explorer, then searching file contents).
[INORGANIC:ASHLAND_GLASS]
# using mithril as a base
[USE_MATERIAL_TEMPLATE:METAL_TEMPLATE]
[STATE_NAME:ALL_SOLID:ashland glass]
[STATE_NAME_ADJ:LIQUID:molten glass]
[STATE_NAME_ADJ:GAS:glass vapor]
[STATE_ADJ:ALL_SOLID:ashland glass]
[DISPLAY_COLOR:2:3:1]
[BUILD_COLOR:2:3:1]
[MATERIAL_VALUE:24] #mithril = 45
[SPEC_HEAT:129]
[MELTING_POINT:13600] #like obsidian
[BOILING_POINT:16000] # like obsidian
[SOLID_DENSITY:1010] #very light like mithril = 1000
[LIQUID_DENSITY:1000] # very light like mithril = 1000
[MOLAR_MASS:45845]
[IMPACT_YIELD:2005000] #2005000
[IMPACT_FRACTURE:2100000] #3020000 easier to fracture than mithril
[IMPACT_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:300] #1140 deforms less at yield point than mithril (less bruising from nonpiercing blows)
[COMPRESSIVE_YIELD:2005000]
[COMPRESSIVE_FRACTURE:2100000]
[COMPRESSIVE_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:300]
[TENSILE_YIELD:480000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[TENSILE_FRACTURE:770000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[TENSILE_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:75] #lower than st and mi
[TORSION_YIELD:530000]
[TORSION_FRACTURE:820000]
[TORSION_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:315]
[SHEAR_YIELD:480000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[SHEAR_FRACTURE:770000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[SHEAR_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:75] #lower than st and mi
[BENDING_YIELD:600000]
[BENDING_FRACTURE:900000]
[BENDING_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:415]
[MAX_EDGE:12000]
[ITEMS_HARD] #remove: SOFT, ANVIL, PICK
[ITEMS_METAL]
[ITEMS_WEAPON][ITEMS_WEAPON_RANGED][ITEMS_AMMO][ITEMS_ARMOR]
[INORGANIC:ASHLAND_EBONY]
# using ashland glass as a base
[USE_MATERIAL_TEMPLATE:METAL_TEMPLATE]
[STATE_NAME:ALL_SOLID:ebonglass]
[STATE_NAME_ADJ:LIQUID:molten ebony]
[STATE_NAME_ADJ:GAS:ebony vapor]
[STATE_ADJ:ALL_SOLID:ebony]
[DISPLAY_COLOR:0:2:0] 020 is a pretty ususual color - black on green. see how it comes out
[BUILD_COLOR:0:2:0]
[MATERIAL_VALUE:24]
[SPEC_HEAT:129]
[MELTING_POINT:13600] #like obsidian
[BOILING_POINT:16000] # like obsidian
[SOLID_DENSITY:19228] #very dense like Wolfram
[LIQUID_DENSITY:19000] #very dense Wolfram
[MOLAR_MASS:45845]
[IMPACT_YIELD:2005000] #
[IMPACT_FRACTURE:2100000] # easier to fracture than mithril
[IMPACT_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:300] # deforms less at yield point than mithril (less bruising from nonpiercing blows)
[COMPRESSIVE_YIELD:2005000]
[COMPRESSIVE_FRACTURE:2100000]
[COMPRESSIVE_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:300]
[TENSILE_YIELD:480000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[TENSILE_FRACTURE:770000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[TENSILE_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:75] #lower than st and mi
[TORSION_YIELD:530000]
[TORSION_FRACTURE:820000]
[TORSION_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:315]
[SHEAR_YIELD:480000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[SHEAR_FRACTURE:770000] #intermediate between steel and mithril
[SHEAR_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:75] #lower than st and mi
[BENDING_YIELD:600000]
[BENDING_FRACTURE:900000]
[BENDING_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:415]
[MAX_EDGE:12000]
[ITEMS_HARD] #remove: SOFT, ANVIL, PICK
[ITEMS_METAL]
[ITEMS_WEAPON][ITEMS_WEAPON_RANGED][ITEMS_AMMO][ITEMS_ARMOR]
.
Also, the order of anything in the game is defined purely by the raws, nothing is sorted by how effective something is in terms of gameplay or function.