Regarding second generation immigrant fundamentalists. I have run into this on several occasions. As far as I can make out, the process goes a little like this:
The parents, wanting a better life, move from a country where personal freedoms etc. are not so great, and immigrate to the US/EU/wheresoever, and make an effort to integrate into thier chosen country, appreciating the improved QoL. They have kids, and instill an idea in them that they are Pakistani/Iraqi/Egyptian/whatever. The child grows up with a label given to them that makes them different (going through school being a minority must be tough, as schoolkids are not exactly accepting of differences at the best of times), and they self identify as this label rather than as an Arabic American or British Muslim and so on. They become resentful to thier nation of birth through having been told that they are something else seperate from it, and the rose tinted specacles kick in for the homeland. An individual may begin to adopt the behavioural traits or values of thier place of familial origin based on what they see, hear or are otherwise exposed to by others in a similar situation, having never truly experienced whatever problems thier parents did, taking advantage of the lovley freedoms they have in thier place of birth that they would never have in thier place of familial origin, and it is the negative ones that people begin to notice - opression of women, say, rather than giving up alcohol. As already mentioned, should thier place of residence have an apathy towards thier ancestral home, it probably will foster futher negativity. In an extreme case, I know of an individual who was sent to relatives back in his country of origin by his parents in an effort to illustrate to him the beneifts of being in the UK. Whilst he retured having apparently hated the experience of living his ancestral lands, he also came back far more radical and extreme in his voiced opinions regarding how things here in the UK should be changed via Jihad, probably enforced by living to cultural standards he had chosen to hold highly. The individual in question moved to Dubai, to get the best of both worlds - an Islamic society without quite as much of the rampant poverty, corruption and opression as tribal Pakistan.