They do however share the rising extreme nationalism with each other, unless I'm mistaken?
Who, the Tibetans and Uighurs?
I was thinking more about the Han, actually, though I appreciate the inview.
Ahh, yeah. Sino-nationalism is a whole 'nother ball of wax. One that worries me, but not too greatly. Again in my experience, most young Chinese are proud of what their country is accomplishing but not in a rabid, militaristic sort of way. And older Chinese are very circumspect about the whole thing, especially those old enough to have lived through the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. They know firsthand that their government has done some fucked-up shit, and isn't perfect.
The
fenqing minority are more or less the equivalent of "USA #1 AMERICA FUCK YEAAHHHH". Only with a bit more hacking skills. And a propensity for smashing Hondas because Japan = TEH EVUL
So, what would it take?
I can see several ways that it *could* occur, but it would take a number of signficant events to occur, IMHO. You'd need multiple "personalities" to emerge, not just within the Party but as public figures. People like Hu Jintao well enough, but only by virtue of the office. Beyond that, he's sort of a bland technocrat...not the kind of guy people would talk about if he weren't at the top of the food chain.
The CPC sort of frowns on top officials making a personal spectacle out of themselves. One, it's distracting. But two, they're worried that personal charisma/popularity could become a powerbase outside the Party's influence. If Bo Xilai had been overwhelmingly popular, for instance, it would have been tougher to bring him in for trial without risking unrest. They're also very careful about not letting entrepeneurs become too popular. They've seen what happened in Russia during the Yeltsin years, when billionaires became more popular than the government and threatened the power of the state itself until Putin began systematically bringing them to heel.
If you had one or more popular figures (either in the CPC or an independent entrepeneur) taking a strong stand against the ruling faction's policies, it could create a polarizing situation. Particularly if you had, say, a neo-Maoist Premier who wanted to roll back the SEZs and flatten out the wealth curve (with the support of hundreds of millions of rural poor and hardliners in the military), arrayed against the party chiefs in the SEZs and the billionaires (and the hundreds of millions of urbanites whose prosperity depends on the SEZs, along with reformists in the military).
In such a situation, I could see the western and central 2/3 of China (and a majority of the PLA) lining up with the neo-Maoists, while the coastal regions (and a majority of the PLAN and probably PLAAF) lining up with the reformists. If it came to blows....it would be
beyond ugly. Which is why I don't ever see it happening--the impulse towards the preservation of the status quo and order is just too built into the system. I don't think it would ever get to that point, and I don't think enough people on each side would be willing to throw the country into the fire. Honestly, I think in a scenario like that above, most of the reformers blink and accept China returning to a totally command economy (and either find ways to fit into the new system, or flee the country with what they can carry,
a la Chiang Kai-Shek and followers in 1949).
@GreatJustice: Yeah, that's my biggest fear for China, is that there's just a total collapse of the state apparatus and it returns to something approaching the modern Warlord era. Dynastic change in China either results in a change at the top but not much change locally, or the whole damn thing just shatters and you get the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" sort of chaos. That would be extremely ugly as well. Thankfully, that seems very remote to me. Things would have to get a lot worse under the current system, and Beijing would have to be a lot more marginalized.
They don't always get all their orders followed now, but then that's always been a problem. If you had had something like Bo Xilai refusing to be placed under arrest and having worked out some kind of alliance with Gen. Li Shiming (CO of the Chengdu Military Region) to use his chunk of the Army to shield him...yeah, that's when the alarm bells go off. As long as Beijing can make its will felt when it really counts, I'm not worried.