Had a very silly game just now. Cranked up the starting tech level to 40(reaching ~20 takes hours with an established empire) and opened all research. The enemy started with ships at scale 150k. I built up a couple of ringworlds, and mass-produced ships of scale 1048576(I like using 2^x for ship sizes). Most of the enemy ship losses were actually caused by my ships carrying a pair of scale 1.0 Mind Sappers, which is more than enough to instantly brain-dead the crews such puny ships.
After I get the notification the enemy is wiped out(not really, they still had actively fighting ships), I celebrate by detonating the star... which did absolutely nothing, even to the unshielded space station right next to it. So I decided to detonate the galactic core. After building a hundred more scale 1048576 ships which literally took one second from a ringworld, and opened fire. The resulting explosion set off a chain reaction in every other star in the galaxy, resulting in a cascade of supernovas across space... and did a couple billion points(out of ~150 billion) of damage to the shields of the ships right next to the singularity collapse, and was regenerated before even half of the galaxy finished exploding.
Oddly enough, very few planets were even affected by the chain reaction, none were destroyed that I could tell and only a handful were even damaged. Only major consequence is the permanent loss of jump drive function(which requires a star to lock on to).