I'd suggest anyone intending to stick to a free account pick either Caldari or Gallente. I'll c/p a thing I posted on Reddit to explain why.
It's not that Caldari and Gallente are inherently better, I recommend them because in the current meta they likely have the most impactful lineup of t1 frigs to cruisers.
Caldari offer the Caracal which is currently used by many alliances as the t1 cruiser of choice, and what is probably the most effective t1 ewar frigate in the game (Griffin). The Moa is also a pretty great cruiser, and cormorants are fun destroyers that are great at sniping. They generally focus on shield tank and missiles, with a few gunships too.
Gallente have the Vexor and Tristan which are both phenomenal ships for their price and really quite powerful in the current meta. They focus on armour tank (many ships can be shield tanked though) and drones/guns.
Minmatar have a fantastic lineup, but aren't the easiest ships to pilot and are generally considered subpar for PvE. Not what I'd recommend for a beginner. Their t1 frigs and cruisers are pretty subpar, although they do have nice destroyers. Unfortunately t1 destroyers in general aren't in a great place right now. They mainly focus on guns and speed but have a fair bit of versatility (not necessarily a good thing as a low SP player).
Amarr have some pretty great ships too, but IMO they only really start to shine in their t2 and t3 lineups which alpha clones don't have access to. They use lasers as their primary weapon type, which burn through capacitor (space mana) really fast, making them a not so great choice at low SP, and they're pretty reliant on t2 ammo. They are typically slow and armour tanked.
tl;dr Gal/Cal have better t1 small ships.