How is treating people based on things they have received as a culmination of their genetics and birthright fair?
Would you want to be operated on by a surgeon who is barely able to read?
What is being talked about is fairness of opportunity vs fairness of result. In an ideal meritocracy, the only criterion for advancing into a profession or field of study would be your ability to do the work of that profession or field of study. In a fair meritocracy, any inequality in the chance to gain that ability would be attacked mercilessly, but if you can't get the ability, you don't get to do that profession no matter how much you want it.
The ability to read is unlikely to have an effect on your ability to perform surgery. Indeed, just because you can read about a surgery, doesn't mean you know how to perform it...
Poor example, but your point was good.
Here's a better one which comes up regularly pretty much everywhere: fire departments.
Setting aside how some departments do tend to be good ol' boys clubs, this is the central issue with equality of result: when trying out for a position, a potential firefighter has to meet certain physical standards. The average woman is less able to meet those standards than the average man. That's not to say that women don't meet the physical fitness requirements--obviously, some do, but at a lower rate than men.
What do you want to do there? Hire firefighters who aren't capable of doing their jobs? What happens when someone dies because of lowered physical standards? It's already a problem when you're just talking about, say, someone who isn't very good at maths being hired as an accountant, or someone who has a junior-high reading level being hired to write articles, but when it's a position which peoples lives literally depend on you don't have room for mucking around. If a woman can do the job, excellent. If she can't, she doesn't have any more business doing it than a man who can't meet the same standards.
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How is treating people based on things they have received as a culmination of their genetics and birthright fair?
In an ideal meritocracy, you could do, earn, and achieve whatever you wish irregardless of genetics and birthright. It's just a dumb dream, though.
This is the attitude I don't understand. People continually moan about society being broken and unfair, but whenever someone mentions eradicating the problems at the root they just waffle about how it's not possible and we should just be happy with ineffectual surface patches.
That's utter bullshit, and it's what has me increasingly convinced that a lot of people calling for equality tacitly desire inequality which favors them. If there's one thing I'm certain of, it's that there have been people there to deride every effort at improving the human condition which any portion of our species has undertaken. If there's a second, it's that they were mostly wrong and thank goodness for that. If everyone had an attitude like that, we'd still be nomadic hunter-gatherers, because every prehistoric human ancestor would have given up on agriculture and simple architecture as being hopeless pipe dreams.
I'll wallow as little as I can help in the squalor of distrust, bigotry, and injustice, and I'll respect those who woefully accept it as their lot even less than those who revel in it.