I see at least one major problem in your log.
No valid memory layouts found in the following directories... () [src/dfinstance.cpp:106] (DFInstance)
This means Dwarf Therapist did not find the memory layouts from the "etc" directory located in the root of the directory you cloned the repository into.
Those are required to read the memory of the Dwarf_Fortress process once you find it.
The problem is that the Dwarf Threrapist executable only looks in "~/dwarftherapist/bin/release" where they would only be if you put them there and "./etc/memory_layouts/linux" in the current working directory which is almost assured to not work if you install Dwarf Therapist with "make install".
This is poorly explained in the "Debugging" section of the build instructions page.
What I do is copy the "etc" folder to the "bin/release" folder the Dwarf Therapist executable is placed in when you compile with "make" and then cd to to the "bin/release" folder and run "./DwarfTherapist" so it is able to find the memory layouts in the "bin/release/etc/memory_layouts/linux" directory.
You can make a shell script like this
cd /path/to/bin/release
./DwarfTherapist
that "cd"s to the correct directory before starting "DwarfTherapist" and put it in you path if you want to start Dwarf Therapist with a single command.
I am not sure if that is why it crashes though.