Using the schedule for training is really easy. Set it up to train (and reduce the min number of dwarves to 2 or 3) then build a barracks and allow that squad to train there. I've got one full squad of legendary axes and another well on the way. Of course, this is like 7 years in or something, but with full steel gear they tear through trolls.
Well, in the game I'm currently playing, I'm only in Spring of the second year (just received my fourth batch of immigrants[1][2]), so I suppose I can't expect miracles. Though some of them came along with decent starting combat skills already (mostly non-specific fighter/dodger/biter, but I got a decent pike-dwarf) up to and including... whatever level 6 is (by my measure). The one above proficient. Sorry, mind like a sieve[3].
Still, schedules I thought I had worked out. I've both set up separate schedules to train sub-groups of dwarfs in months 1,4,7,10 in one, months 2,5,8,11 in another, the rest in a third, and made a single schedule encompass all units. And set the minimum number down to just 2 (although I suppose I could have set the crossbow units down to single?). Technically, a third of my dwarfs should
at least be considering training at any one time.
Ideally, and especially if they this schedule brings on complaints about the draft, I need to make select individuals into permanently military and use the schedules to put them on a two-third/third ratio of training and patrolling, or similar. Maybe that's what I need to do, i.e. remove them from all other duties or set up an alert other than the default training one (though what I've read on or around here seems to suggest that this is sufficient for the most part).
Honestly, though, I'm very much feeling like I did when I first started with DF, a few years back, unable to grasp something that (since) I've found so trivial to work that I hardly think about it. Except that back then I stumbled quite quickly onto the good and bad ways to militarise my population, and instead it was farming that I just couldn't get to work[6], hence this forum monicker that I adopted.
Oh, and while my cages are trapping the wildlife quite nicely (looks like I'll be getting another elephant hareem, in this particular game, to go with my canine brood that's rapidly outnumbering my dwarfs[5]) I note that they singularly fail to trap Kobold Thieves, these days (either before being spotted or once they start running away) so it really does look like I can't use this old lazy backup-defence of 40D times...
[1] Including the original founding group. Nobody arrived (or was heralded as not arriving) in the first Winter, but I forget if that's usual in this latest verison. And the spring 1052 lot more than doubled the previous population, to over 40... Now I need some to make the beds[4]. (Not a maid!)
[2] Filled most of the gaps in my skill-set, although looks like my hope for someone competant with leatherworking to arrive was... ahem... on a hiding to nothing.
[3] Though after typing in so many character birthdates into my spreadsheets, since DF2010 came out, I've started to think in Dwarven months... Obsidian for December, and all that.
[4] Tempted to implement a burrow to stop my expert carpenter from casually building my above-ground wooden walls, that can be accomplished by any otherwise unoccupied schmuck, and get back to the business of making the cages, barrels and beds that this fort currently needs in abundance.
[5] I always did plan to butcher the weaker dogs (or at least cage them away for the duration) to see if I could get the enourmous and muscular genes to propogate. I now have enough dogs at or near the top end of physical fitness to consider doing that and
also breeding for the aesthetic features I favour... But it does get a bit more difficult to work out who the father is (and possibly work out the rules for stuff like paw colour that doesn't appear to be directly from either parent) if they're mostly the same, so maybe I ought to aim for variety instead. Or start with peas, instead.
[6] And now that underground farming is working differently, I've had to revise my carefully developed agricultural development to account for needing to add water before/after placing fields! Still, it's all fnu!