A few corrections I might make Blaze, you may be confusing with the mods.
I'm not sure what you meant by guards, but there are only robots at the missile base. There are also no glass tubes. There are also no crates in the missile base. Just a desert with robots.
Just general tips for the starting areas(don't read if you're worried about minor spoilers):
Ancient Alien Ruins(Starting Area): A hermit who you can give a basic pistol to for a helpful allie. Tell him to stay behind by right clicking him and closing the door so he doesn't become a liability while looking for a weapon for him. You can find a pistol chassis under a tree NE of your stating position. Has a base with a closable door, so you can sit inside and be safe all day long. Temperature generally doesn't affect you, and there are enough trees if it does anyway. Small and Medium Blue aliens + Brown Aliens inhabit. No special scavenging. Just general stuff you find in every area.
Eden: Nothing unless you are Psionic. Though there are those crab tenticle monster things that drop a tentacle when killed. These tentacles can be used as a stationary defense turrets. Healing rain isn't useful, its too dangerous anyway.
Missile Base(aka desert): A giant desert. It gets too hot during the day and you have to use shade, which is sparse. Robots wander around that are more powerful than the aliens in the ruins. They short circuit your energy, stealing or whatever. In the center is a base with rather high defense, and two huge robots that can have antigravity scavenged from. Total both antigravs will produce -30 weight. You can scavenge light diodes for laser pistols, a extremely powerful energy using weapon, or targetting. You can also find forcefields for stasis chambers.
Ship Graveyard: Heat will sometimes bother you, but otherwise you should be ok. Typical aliens crawl about, along with marines armed with weapons. If you're human or android, stay away from the marines until you make a ranged weapon. In the center is the map you'll need for a navigation system, and off to the side somewhere you'll find a platform for teleporting to the tundra or something(I died too quick to explore, so stay away until you're properly armed). You can find particle accelerators, which are needed for every kinetic weapon. You also find magnitisers which can increase your max energy reserves, and a warp coil for engine system.
Mining Area(Aka death): There are sparse aliens running about, its mostly marines armed with weapons. Generally an area you avoid until about a week ingame, you can find glass tubes, crystals, lighters, binoculors, and rations. The marines can drop their weapons, which are extremely powerful. Combining a glass tube with a lighter will create a welder, which can open the boxes(generally have rations in them). In the center is an extreme heavilly defended base, and can still be suicide when you have the best equipment. Inside you'll find one of the ways of escape.
Ravine Area: I've only found it when I'm an alien, and you can easilly avoid its weird creatures. There is a blueprint for a hovercraft/bike or whatever NW of the center.
Generally, I prefer to go to the desert area so I can get a laser pistol and a statis chamber to heal myself. Though the shipyard isn't half bad either, since I can make a pebbel shotgun which is much better than a pistol. Once I get a gun, if the mining area is near me, I'll rip apart marines for VC Tasers. Which are one of the best guns in the game.