I might have to ditch FMOD EX anyway since I don't have a 64-bit version of FMOD EX (the link dies since fmod.h uses a hack to ensure 32 bits which doesn't work on 64 bits, possibly among other things -- trying to patch it up on a lark, but will probably have to fall back to old fmod). I haven't looked at linux yet so I don't even remember why we were using it to begin with (I have some linux stuff in the fmod folder on the windows computer, but I don't remember if we ended up using OpenAL instead or whatever).
Linux uses OpenAL which is also available for Windows; if it can't find OpenAL, it gracefully disable sounds and keeps chugging. That being said, the OpenAL code in g_src does dymsym; that will have to be rewritten for Windows to use LoadLibrary()/GetProcAddress() ... or just linked in.
For your sanity, it may be worth standardizing to one sound library.
Also, on the topic of the runtime, here's what will probably fix it permamently: Go to "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Redist\ucrt\DLLs\x86", copy and paste everything, and throw it into the DF folder. I can't test it easily, but that's all the files for the VC15 runtime. I'll post a zip in a moment.
EDIT: For anyone who wants to test or has runtime errors, grab
http://dffd.bay12games.com/file.php?id=12184, and extract that zip into the same folder that you have DF 0.43.04 in.
EDIT 2: Here's the license from Microsoft on redistributing the DLLs in the runtime:
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=524842