I seem recall an episode of M*A*S*H where British troops with abdominal wounds were given tea for tea time and when they made it to the operating room they had additional problems, as this increased the chance of infection and death. It's the reasoning I've always used for why dwarf patients aren't given alcohol.
That's just standard operating procedure before major operations. No food or drink by mouth for 12 something hours beforehand. The idea is that your intestinal track and stomach both need to be empty before undergoing anesthesia... as otherwise bad things tend to happen (throwing up into your lungs being one of the more fun ones).
That being said, alcohol was the worlds first anesthetic (aside from clubbing someone maybe). So you actually DO want Urist to down a keg of beer before surgery to numb the pain and keep him from clenching up. This is different from the above, because just using alcohol isn't the same as a medically induced coma (typical anesthesia). Its just ment to numb the pain while the patient stays semi-conscious.
However if we are really going to get into wound cleaning, the preferred options are salt water with a dash of iodine. Barring that, vinegar and honey would be better options than pouring vodka on a wound, actually. Honey is in the game, and technically salt is in the form of rock salt "stone" and (undrinkable) salt water. Vinegar would be easy enough to make at the distillery- its basically anything booze taken a step further. Booze is sugar fermented into ethanol... vinegar is simply ethanol fermented into acetic acid. Vinegar, salt, and honey are also great options for preserving food. So adding them as medical options would just be one more step towards realistic food preservation as well. A little off topic... but its just crazy to think that intestines can lie on the ground exposed to the elements for YEARS without rotting, so long as that ground is marked as "food stockpile."