I hope I'm not being rude here, but how many of the countries that you consider to be "real" are real countries. It seems to me that you think if a country didn't exist 100, 200, 300 years ago then it's not a real country and that if a country did exist back then and no longer does that we should break the country in it's place and recreate the real country. Again, not trying to be rude or start an argument, just an observation.
You're not being rude or starting an argument wobbly, don't worry. I enjoy debating this topic as challenges force me to address my arguments and come up with something better. I think that there are many "real" countries in the world. Perhaps even close to the majority, but I'd have to address that point with care. It just happens that within those "real countries" there are also other real countries, the example I gave earlier was the Netherlands which I think are one nation, but they contain one or two little nations or parts of nations within them, one of which would be Frisia. Ireland is an example of a real country without other countries within, though you could argue it is divided across two countries like Albania, Azerbaijan, Armenia and so on. Iceland is a "real country", you could say. So is Belarus. Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway are all pretty much real countries, although one can debate Skaneland. They do of course all collectively control a nation which is split between all of them - the nation of the Sami people, whose easternmost reaches are currently under Russian control (Murmansk is rightful Sami clay).
So you see, there are many "real" countries out there. It's just that a lot of them have smaller nations inside them. Many small nations are divided across several countries. I think the minority of states (apart from the colonial ones which are a real headache) are leftovers from the olden days of realms rather than nation states. An example in Europe would be Belgium while an example in central Asia would be Afghanistan.
The problem with the colonial states (United States, Australia etc) as Reelya has illustrated is that, in some cases, they literally killed everyone that was there before or put them all in Oklahoma or something so that means the natural order of things has been eschewed. Colonialism causes problems with this "real country" idea in Europe just as much as in the New World. I tend to avoid dealing with the New World for this reason, and when I am forced to deal with colonialism on the home front i.e. in Ukraine or in Northern Ireland where colonists have settled tracts of Irish or Ukrainian land and are trying to keep them united with their respective nations (Russia and the UK), this causes lots of problems and I end up tying myself in knots.
I will need to think carefully about these places. Of course that doesn't mean that, where the boundaries are a bit more clear, we can't make pronouncements, such as calling for the independence of obvious "nations" within a colonial state like Russia such as Buryatia, Tuva, the North Caucasian countries and so on. The boundary is perhaps clearest in Hawaii in the USA, hence my occasional calls for its independence. I mean, I at least know that Hawaii should be independent. The rest I'm still trying to work out.
Sheb and Slowpoke have accurately identified the greatest points about Switzerland. I actually love Switzerland and as Sheb has stated it is genuinely my dream country. I think the canton model of Swiss governance should be explored. It's what I was getting at when I talked about a Federation of England; each "county" is like a Swiss canton. I also really like Belgium; I'd love to visit the country and I've wanted to do so for a long time. None of this prevents me from quietly wanting to chop them up though. Perhaps you should take it as a complement if I express an interest in trying to chop up your country; it means I'm interested in your country and I probably like it. But yes, I would feel worse about chopping up Switzerland because, as Sheb says, it is a state unified through the will of its people rather than war and coercion (a truly admirable thing), it's just that I think within the "ethnic" nation state lines (which for me are more linguistic than ethnic, as Reelya identifies) we can apply those principles. I don't think you need to have Breton ancestry and speak Breton to be Breton; you can be an Algerian immigrant and still be Breton through the power of your will. If you learn Breton in the process that's fantastic; you don't have to though.
Austria is problematic for me because I don't understand its ethno-linguistic composition very well. If I was to take a stab at it, I would be tempted to put most of it in a sort of greater Bavaria, with the rest of it becoming a part of Alemannia, Swabia and so on. But yeah, Austria is pretty much one of those "realm-type" countries for me.
And yet... for all my talk of these "organic, linguistic nations", Scotland is a union of once Gaelic speaking Picto-Gaels and now Scots/English speaking Britons. Arguably, both of those groups were united under Gaelic for a few hundred years, apart from the far south east of the country. It does cause problems, however. Scotland is far, far less clear cut than Wales and Ireland. Could it be that Scotland is not a real country? Maybe it is, if you deem it to be a continuation of the ancient Pictish nation, just absorbed into a wider one that now includes all sorts of people. But what does this mean? Does this mean that other "real countries" are not real at all? Does it mean that Edinburgh and the Scottish borders should be independent from Scotland? I have no idea. Scotland is actually an example of that Old World/New World colonialism that I talked about earlier, where Gaels colonised the Picts and the Norse colonised the Gaels and the Anglo-Saxons colonised the Britons and then the Picto-Gaels colonised them all then the Anglo-Normans colonised them all, but became something else in the process. Much of the damage was done peacefully of course.