I get the feeling that the local "actual" dwarves would be both fascinated and terrified by me...
(For the record, I actually try hard NOT to reveal scary things like I've done in this thread. I would only bring stuff up as it was needed, listening to the rumors and scuttlebut going around the fortress. I prefer people to think of me as a friendly and harmless eccentric, and not an agent provocatur)
Just one thing though. Production of nitroglycerine is very dangerous, touchy work. It will need a safe, remote, "pyrochemical hazard lab" on the surface, very far away from the main fascility. In the liquid form it goes off by looking at it cross. I wouldn't want to be in the lab during sythesis. This means making some kind of automated timed mixing aparatus for it. Once it gets rolled up with sawdust or fullier's earth, it becomes reasonably safe to handle, and can be wrapped with paper to make dynamite. Liquid form? Dog farts; It explodes. It's about the only high explosive that could be made with crude equipment though. Don't get it on your skin either. Its absorbed topically, and radically lowers blood pressure. That's why they make heart pills with it.
For obvious reasons, I would want to avoid creation of large quantities. Don't get boomhappy.
If I have to spend inordinate amounts of time making boombooms because "explosions are awesome!" Things will get ugly, and I will get angry. You wouldn't like me when I get angry.
I actually prefer making soap and simple firecrackers over things that blow people up. Dangerous world war inducing tech only as a last resort.
Creation of cartridge primer caps requires making lead azide. This will likely be outside the scope of normal chemical synthesis, as all pathways to lead azide require sodium azide as a reactant, which can only be made by reacting sodium metal with anyhydrous amonia, and then some dangerous chemical magic.
Primer caps are a mix of crushed glass powder, and lead azide gently crimped up in a brass casing the size of a pencil eraser or smaller. Inside the casing there is a tiny steel "anvil" between the bottom of the casing and the explosive.
When the firing pin hits the primer, it compreses the crushed glass and lead azide. Lead azide is a contact explosive, and the sudden pressure wave detonates it. This detonation ignites the actual powder charge of the shell.
If I am forced to make lead azide, somebody else gets to make the primer caps. I refuse to lose fingers so somebody can have cartridged ammo.