Why there are two Senators per state:
The arguments for and against made by the people who formed the system can be found pretty easily, but some people don't realize the arguments for both sides exist played out in the real world.
The strongest argument against representation by population, in my opinion, is the Russian Revolution and rise of Communism. Not because I hate Communism, but because the foundation of human existance is the food we eat. A farmer is paper rich but really broke. They might own property worth millions of dollars, and millions of dollars worth of Equipment. The problem is they keep reinvesting most of their profits back into the land rather than cashing out. They survive well enough, but still have to work every day of their lives. They probably work even harder than the factory worker, even though their situation more resembles the factory owner. Sure they hire "hands", though usually those hands have their own stuff and it becomes a collective effort instead of a strict enployment one.
SO, what happened to these guys in Russia? They became labled as class enemies because their industry was so small. Massive purges, and then Massive starvation.
This isn't a Randist example. This isn't a group of people who stopped producing, instead this is an example of a tyranny of the masses. A concept formed in the city based on paper wealth, and the thousands of wolves in the cities just had more clout than the hundreds of country bears. The sheep were already eaten by this point.
Our system of government in the United States of America has multiple mechanisms to stop that. Our founders understood how easy a tyranny of the masses was to establish. I've been in a Minority where discrimination was not opposed (religion in the Military) and can tell you with certainty that the US is NOT special in our masses. They are as Tyranical as any dictatorin history.
Now humor me for a moment, picture the European Union. Imagine it as a solid object, one color. As if it were the country. Now color in your head each country as a different shade of that color. Keep that thought in your head for a moment.
State was never origionally supposed to mean what it means to Americans. State is a soverign Entity. The whole European Union is what the United States really is. The states in their alliance documentation establish a collective power to determine extra-state relations. We have a very unique system in that, in which we have individual open borders and other advantages to member-states. EACH STATE IS STILL A SOVERIGN ENTITY! This is why we really have 2 senators for each state, because each is an independant entity in the alliance of united states.
We have the house of representitives established in it's way to give each state power representitive for it] population. If you look at the historical powers each one gets, you will find they match that role. Senate deals with land, house with people.
Now the electorial college is based on the house, in theory to give the best representation on population-power. It's actual makeup is left up to the States. This is to allow each state it's soverignty. Currently most states concentrate their power into blocs to allow them to have a greater effect.
This has an interesting effect when the most powerful states do this. This creates an effect where large portions of the population can support something, but it's rejected by the states.
An electorial college victory without popular support usually means the dense, large population, urban areas are enforcing their will against the rural and small areas. Seriously. It CAN mean the opposite, but usually doesn't. So, what is a poor californian to do to stop being so damn pushy? Easy. STOP TRYING TO EXPORT YOUR DAMN IDEAS. Focus on electorial representation in your own state, and allow the soverign people of other states to make their own decision in how to best let their voice be heard.
And stop moving to Colorado and fix your own state, or at least leave it's policies behind.
Yes, I support the electorial college system. I want Colorado to change to a Representitive state with "features" instead of winner take all, mostly to take stupid battles out of our state. That's a different topic though.