You already knew in the past, I post
an article written about conspiracy theories. And I hoped that would have been the end of it. But then,
an economist named Robin Hanson made a blog post about conspiracy theories. What is most interesting though was his
assumption about conspiracy theories:
Think about it. Why are conspiracy theories in such disrepute, given that there have in fact been many real conspiracies in the world?
Read that quote again. Then,
take a look at this Gallup poll in 2003 about the JFK assassination. 75% of Americans believed that more than one person was involved in the assassination of JFK, 19% believe only one man was involved, and 6% offer no opinion.
Then look at
this CNN/Essence Magazine/Opinion Research Corporation 2008 Poll about the Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination (scroll down to see it). 58% of all adults (50% of Whites, 88% of Blacks) believed that MLK Jr. was assassinated as part of a larger conspiracy, only 33% of all adults (40% of Whites, 9% of Blacks) believed that he was not.
...now, well, these two polls doesn't actually indicate
who were responsible for being a plot of that conspiracy, and in the case of the JFK assassination poll, there was little agreement on who to name as the suspect responsible for such a conspiracy. This could help to explain why there was so much, shall we say, support for these conspiracy theories. An individual might not believe in the official narrative of events, but does not feel confident to actually name suspects, and the minute someone does so, it becomes less and less plausible.
This could help to explain the
2008 World Public Opinion poll that found no real
international consensus on who did 9/11, though on average, 46% of the public believed al-Qaeda did it. I don't really feel the need listing everything, so here's a graph:
Note that there are a large amount of people that says "Don't Know", and how the majority of answers in Indonesia and China are "Don't Know". I'm wondering if it is the same dynamic here, that many people do not believe aQ was responsible for 9/11 (and thus engage in a conspiracy theory), but feel themselves not confident enough to claim who
did. (Also note how 49% of Mexicans name a suspect other than al-Qaeda...so it's clear that 49% of Mexicans don't agree with the official narrative.)
This doesn't help explain a fourth "mainstream" conspiracy theory though. In 2005, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press
did a survey about the Iraq War.
"Before the war the U.S. and Britain claimed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. These weapons have not been found. Why do you think they made this claim? Was it mostly because they were themselves misinformed by bad intelligence, or was it mostly because they lied to provide a reason for invading Iraq?"
43% of all adults (12% Republican, 67% Democrats, 47% Independents) believed that the governments lied to provide a reason for invading Iraq. 41% of all adults (69% of Republicans, 20% Democrats, 39% Independents) believed that the governments were misinformed.
Here, an actual suspect and motive was given, and here we see that more people believed in this conspiracy theory than not (11% of adults were unsure, and 5% believed that Americans may still find WMDs). There were also other polls on that page about Bush "intentionally misled" the general public (
this page have the partisan breakdown for most of these polls if you want them):
CBS News/New York Times - Dec. 2-6, 2005: 52% of all adults believed Bush intentionally misled versus 44% who believed he provided most accurate information
Time Poll - Nov. 29-Dec. 1, 2005: 48% believed Bush intentionally misled versus 45% who believed he was truthful
FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll - Nov. 29-30, 2005: 44% believed Bush intentionally misled versus 46% who who believed that Bush gave the American people the best prewar intelligence available
NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll - Nov. 4-7, 2005. 57% believed Bush intentionally misled versus 35% who believed Bush gave the country the "the most accurate information he had".
I must admit, these polls are pretty, er, old. But they do indicate that there are certain mainstream conspiracy theories out there that haven't really be questioned...especially of this one that claimed Bush lied about Iraq's WMD program. Why is that? Why are these conspiracy theories generally believed? Why is it that sometimes, people agree that a conspiracy theory exist but don't agree on a common suspect (9/11, JFK), and other times, they agree on both the conspiracy and the suspect (Bush lying about Iraq WMDs)? I think there are some questions that we really need to look seriously here. (Also, if you find other polls indicating other mainstream conspiracy theories, please post them in this topic, and I'll update the OP.)