By far the best way to make money is to sell cheaply bought/pirated food to places with shortages, though this can also hurt your reputation.
What I'd recommend is to start off with bounties -- you can take them with 2-3 ships up until around the 100k marker, and they're reliable cash. One way to deal with larger fleets is to first engage with nothing but your own ship, kill and damage as many enemies as possible, and then bug out and retreat before you take hull damage. After that, they'll pursue and you can engage with your other ships and a full load of ammunition.
Once you've got a decently kitted out personal ship and a small fleet (and "has a large fleet" bounties are too risky), pick a faction and start pirating from them. Personally I go after the Church, since they have large trade fleets, small patrols, are enemies of the Tri-Tachs (which means a reputation bonus for hitting their traders in TT space), and are right next door to TT space for you to sell off prizes and loot. Hitting trade fleets isn't always consistent, but it's got the biggest payoffs; I've gotten trade goods worth 150k+ from a single attack. You'll obviously want to pick up an Atlas ASAP to ferry around your loot.
Also, if you're really hard-up for cash, time your approaches to JPs and stations/planets to avoid local patrols, which means a lower risk of being fined/having to evade fines and take the rep hit. Note that paying fines will boost your rep if it's not very high, though.