Interesting.
I'm thinking either the
Obsidian Jaguars or the
Silver Skulls.
Jaguars don't have a whole lot on them, but they were apparently close with the Space Wolves and the pictured marine has a machete, so I think combined with their name, it's probably fair to say they're relatively melee-specced and Mesoamerican-themed. They got pretty wrecked by orks, though, and lost their homeworld as a result.
The Silver Skulls are not
necessarily Ultramarine successors, but are at least listed as such. They're fleet-based, as they had to explode their homeworld to stop it from being corrupted by Nurgle. They've got ancestor worship and respect the chapter serfs. Most importantly, they're extremely pragmatic, specialize in siege warfare, and have a very powerful tradition of diviner Librarians, called Prognosticators. A prophecy that tells them they've absolutely gotta do something the Imperium really doesn't like could be a good hook for why some of them go rogue.
We could, of course, always just grab a random one of their less-defined successors and define them as we please, but I feel like we get more out of picking someone more defined. I personally like the
Silver Skulls most.
(By the way, Tube, you can use the [ url ][ /url ] tags for better links. For example, "[ url=https://1d4chan.org/wiki/Renegade_Space_Marine_Chapter_Creation_Table ]Renegade Space Marine Chapter Creation Table[ /url ]" (without the added spaces) gives you the much nicer looking
Renegade Space Marine Chapter Creation Table.)