Blackwake can be a bit arcade-y to some extent, but I think you'd need to really define what "arcade-y" means to you in order to say how much Blackwake is/isn't like that. Public matches can be extremely hit and miss, and you're almost guaranteed to run into at least one S.S. Hitler or The Good Ship Coonfucker, but every now and then you get a good communicative captain and a crew that actually listens to said captain.
The game's primarily split between cannon bombardment where you have to pack, load, ram and aim the cannons for a long-range blasting while also repairing hull breaches and manning the pump (the least interactive role, but one of the most important ones when there's a breach); and the boarding/raiding portion where ships collide and a few salty seamen eject themselves onto the enemy boat, at which point it's a lot like any other FPS in that the hitboxes never really make sense and you're always reloading at the most inopportune times. Chaotic, fast-paced fun, learning to be a decent crewman takes a pretty short time since it's mostly just "do what your captain tells you to do", but learning to be a decent captain is a whole other scenario.
There's also Barotrauma. Can't beat the price at $FREE, but the objectives usually are just "go there". But in order to "go there", you need to pilot a nuclear submarine through a frozen alien ocean that's teeming with life. The basics don't take much time at all to pick up, and are horribly explained in the tutorial. There are a lot of advanced things you can do once you learn how stuff like wiring and atomic fission work, but you can die perfectly well having never learned how to do those things properly. Each game generally takes between 0-30 minutes, all depending on how crash-happy either the pilot or the game happens to be feeling. Note: The autopilot function is out to kill you.
Guns of Icarus will eat you alive if you're not willing to put in the time and effort to learn the meta and get better at performing your role's specific tasks. Alliance might be a bit calmer when doing PvE, but I've never tried that part of it so I wouldn't know.
Lovers in a Dangerous Spacetime seems like a more "casual" fit in that it's easier to pick up and play and is also reasonably inexpensive, but it's local co-op only... And from what little I've heard, it can sometimes be just a bit too easy/repetitive at times.
Regular Human Basketball is perfectly normal and standard basketball for ordinary bipedal humans that enjoy common human pastimes such as Entertainment, Smiling, and Ball. Quite cheap, but the scope of the game is somewhat limited and may run dry for those who aren't driven to become the greatest b-ballers to ever b-ball.
Also, a note regarding the list of games mentioned earlier: "Castastronauts" is actually
Catastronauts, and is basically "Overcooked, but FTL". Unfortunately, like Overcooked before it, it's local co-op only (curses!). There are also a couple games that aren't on Steam, such as
Affordable Space Adventures (for the WiiU) and Spaceteam (a local phone/card game).