Technically any system can do if it comes to modify it to fit a specific universe, adding more tables to roll on every hits or critical hits to simulate the more or less serious damage taken or limbs flying or bruised isn't too hard regardless of the game system.
Now regarding DF random encounters being garbage.
That really depends on the version as the randomness wasn't that random actually.
In past version of DF when you didn't saw "ambushes" marked on the map from afar so easily and that factions reputations mattered a lot more, you could have characters being basically hunted by a faction and random encounter were in fact part of that faction narrative.
By example in older versions of DF, i had a character that was hunting a bandit group, and after doing some damage , i became said faction major target, leading to interesting story happening to my character, one i wrote there by example :
http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=132314.msg4704807#msg4704807Now i think whatever the system, the randomness of some situations that are so random actually and made DF famous in all those "romanced" stories you can read here and there, makes it so that it's not easy to find a way to reproduce that even with random table rolls .
By example this story happening in my fortress that i reported about a Forgotten Beast that came from the depth of the world and ....
http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=102839.msg3039523#msg3039523That was hilarious to witness and so completely unexpected next to some more grim&gritty DF scenes.
Without mentionning the carps that in even older versions of DF were going to have a "special" role that even Toady hadn't thought about, leading in fortress in which going to fish or simply crossing a river was an epic adventure of cataclysmic proportions
(and leading Toady unfortunately to rework how those carps worked in further versions of DF).
Or the bugs that even if actual bugs could lead into interesting (but devastating) situation, like the giant mosquito count getting out of hand in a fortress map in some past version, leading to desesperate fight for survival for your dwarves.
It's always something going to be hard whatever the game system, as DF can generate the most grim tragedy situation right next the most hilarious and nonsensical one.