Besides stat comparison (your dodger skill/shield user skill versus opponent attack skill),
position or facing is one of the main factors in whether you get hit or not.
For example, if you have
ambush mode on (shift + s), you can see the direction of your opponent's
facing or
vision arc. When you're in the
red zone, your opponent is squared up and facing you. To get attacks from the side you need to be in the
yellow. Outside of the arc, you'd get attacks from behind. Attacks from the side and behind receive some nice bonuses to hit.
So reverse that perspective in terms of your own defense. While you can't see your own vision arc, your facing is determined by your last action and is most easily controllable if you have your auto-dodge preference set to
stand ground. Stand ground means you choose to remain in the same tile in response to the enemy attack and usually you'll favor blocking with shield.
Auto-dodge preference set to
move around will cause your character to leave the tile they're currently occupying. That's more trouble to manage, since that requires menu checking and being more aware of your environment, as not all dodge directions will be available and not all will be safe.
By keeping your opponent(s) in front of you, you up your chances of not being hit. There are a couple of other factors, but aside from stats, position—both yours and theirs—is something you can control.