I recommend Python as a first language. Then move to Java or C#. C++ has a steep learning curve for new programmers. On the other hand, if you're here you are a DF player, so maybe you're ok with steep learning curves. But C++ is the Dwarf fortress of programming languages.
Now I do recommend C++ for games in general, but not when you're starting out. The reason is, of all popular high level languages, C++ has the greatest ability to optimize CPU bottlenecks, because it gives you more control over memory layout, especially compared to garbage collected languages. But starting out, optimising CPU bottlenecks is the least of your worries, and if you do run into them you can fix them by doing things a different way.
its written in c++ with sdl, note c and c++ are different.
They're not that different. C++ is C with some extra helpful stuff. C code compiles in C++. Pass by reference and strings are nice.
Disagree. What constitutes good style in C and C++ is very different, making them very different languages. For example, in C it's common to write your own linked list. In C++ you should be using std::vector for most such cases. C is simpler than c++, but you don't have good support for vital features like generic containers and OOP. I don't recommend using C if you can avoid it.
If you think C++ is just a few features tacked on to C, you're probably not a good C++ developer.