It seems dwarves have trouble acting on mining designations at all if there are any other designations of a higher priority, regardless of whether or not the higher-priority tiles can in fact be reached. I was trying to dig out space for a pump stack to the magma sea, but my miners were digging the tiles in an odd order. So, I reassigned the priorities midway through, giving the stairs priority '2' instead of priority '4' like the others. One of the miners, who was "stuck" in the pump stack area but had a priority '4' access tunnel designated nearby, sat with his hands in his pockets until I changed that tile to priority '2'.
I wasn't able to get a save of this behavior, unfortunately, due to another bug. Not long after the above, I noticed two dwarves stuck in a single tile together with a collection of rough gems (3-5 each) in each of their inventories. They had access to the rest of the fort, but were just standing there... apparently for quite awhile judging by how hungry/thirsty they both were. I'm not 100% sure what was happening but I think they might've been "stealing" gems from each others' inventories in a futile, endless loop. After I forbade the gems they were hauling, they moved on to find other jobs. They settled on finding more gems to put in bins, and before long got stuck in a single tile again. Then the game crashed suddenly while I was trying to {f} the gems again.
I also had a Stonecrafter get Possessed, claim a craftsdwarf shop, claim a single Limestone boulder, and then just sit there. The workshop didn't indicate that he wanted anything but boulders, of which there were about 40 in a stockpile within spitting distance of him.
I should note that this was on a save imported from 0.40.19. I'm not sure if this makes any difference. I'll try genning a new world in 0.40.20 and see if the behavior repeats itself.