Minecarts dropped from a hatch (or floor grates/bars) are re-set to the middle of the tile when falling: a cart can be pushed into a limiting wall behind a grate, but when dropped, it'll land in the middle of the ramp, not at its far end.
This does not hold for carts that smack into a wall over a hole. It appears that the game determines how many distance units the cart had left in its turn when hitting the wall and places it the equivalent number of units into the tile in which it lands. However, the tile it lands in will be exactly below the hole, while the distance acknowledged is distance into the tile behind the hole:
the test rig used a push with adjacent impulse ramp (gives 30 000 speed):
# # #
. . .
║ ║ ║
▲ ║ ║
M ▲ ║
M ▲
M
1. 2. 3.
The cart is pushed north, jumps over the hole, collides with the wall with varying remaining distance, then falls down the hole and lands a few levels below, on a NS ramp with exit to the south.
1. Speed is properly calculated only over the hole, the cart hits the wall on the fifth step after leaving the impulse ramp, with ~ 19500 leftover distance. It rolls off the landing ramp with 9800 speed.
2. Speed is properly calculated on the tile before the hole and over the hole itself. Remaining distance at collision (8th step) is ~9200. The cart rolls off the landing ramp with 4900 speed.
3. Speed is properly calculated on the two tiles before the hole and over the hole itself. The cart hits the wall on the eleventh step, with ~29400 distance to go. It rolls off the landing ramp with 14700 speed.
I.e., in all three cases, the cart ends up close to the southern end of the landing tile. When remaining distance at point of collisions is bigger than 1/2 tile (cart has to go at beyond-derail speeds to achieve that), the cart will touch ground in the northern half of the landing tile. If remaining distance is more than a full tile (speeds beyond 100 000 and proper setup required), the cart seems to always end up at the very northern edge of the landing tile.
This may be why some folks reported difficulties getting a cart moved by ramp after dropping it down a hole.