$$$Response
Rolepgeek: Retroactive discounts for Protection-related stuff: Yes, but with a repost for what you want (It's not actually that much of a discount)
Chocobo domestication: In all likelihood, yes. I'm almost sure you created them with the nominal price of a to-be-domesticated animal.
Technology: Last time I checked, it was similar to our technology in the early Middle Ages.
Cptn Kaladin Anrizlokum: Race decreasing attributes for later use: 3-4E
Propagating races: Not really if you're patient. Also, inbreeding and a whole host of genetic effects are skipped over so as to avoid the *ahem* subjects and reduce the amount of work I need to do for all your various races.
Andres: Influence Essence from Humans: Yes, but you won't notice it unless you have on the order of a hundred samples and they happen to be amenable to statistical analyses.
Jasecs: Where would they find solid ground with 10G of gravity? All the moons aren't likely to be terribly dense, and the gas giants can't really be said to have solid ground at a depth at which 10G of gravity is present.
Base: 3-4E
300x: 4-5E
Magic and chi instead: H 3-4E
Magic and physical instead: H 3-4E
Physical, magical, and chi: 5-6E
As usual, affinity does not produce a race of mages. That would be incredibly silly and equivalent to saying that those of us who are humans are all marathon runners and super-chefs.
Storing Essence outside body: Limited amounts and on a case-by-case basis. Attempts to abuse the system will net an immediate warning just as attempting to create overpowered things would.
Everyone: Google is your friend. (Or DDG or Yahoo or Bing or whatever you prefer to use)