Just to try to make explicit what this bill does;
1) It doesn't add any new powers, technically.
Instead this formalises the current military detention regime which so far only exists legally in administration policy. Broadly speaking, the Bush and Obama administrations have decided what is legal and acted on that basis without any Congressional oversight or formal laws outlining the actual legalities of the situation.
The bill broadly outlines the current administration policies, with a few differences. There is even a paragraph in there that states;
Nothing in this section is intended to limit or expand the authority of the President or the scope of the Authorization for Use of Military Force.
However;
2) It
mandates military detention of terrorists.
This is the first major sticking point. Under this bill terrorists must be held in military detention and not civilian. In order to move a captured terrorist, suspected terrorist or prisoner of war (where the war in question seems to be the vague war on terror) the Secretary of Defense must submit, in writing, to Congress why transferring that prisoner is in the national interests of the USA. Depending on how that is applied that could make moving terrorists for civilian trials completely impossible or just keep things the same as they are today.
3) It doesn't mandate military detention for US citizens or legal residents.
Just noting this because it flatly contradicts what most people are saying. The language;
1867 PCS
(1) UNITED STATES CITIZENS.—The requirement to detain a person in military custody under this section does not extend to citizens of the United States.
(2) LAWFUL RESIDENT ALIENS.—The requirement to detain a person in military custody under this section does not extend to a lawful resident alien of the United States on the basis of conduct taking place within the United States, except to the extent permitted by the Constitution of the United States.
OK, so the language doesn't forbid military detention, but it's not demanding citizens or legal aliens are stripped of their constitutional rights and thrown in military prison at least...
4) It makes prisoner transfers harder.
This is mostly targeted at Guantanamo. There is a specific block on using any DoD funds to transfer Guantanamo bay inmates to their countries of origin or elsewhere. There are exemptions and complications, but it's mostly a roadblock to any attempts at closing the prison. Then the entire next section does the same at blocking any funds from being used to house prisoners from Guantanamo within the USA.
5) Prisoner review.
This bit is actually good, putting into law the current administration's periodic review of Guantanamo prisoners. However, here it comes after the sections blocking transfer to other countries or civilian detention, so I don't see much point in this.
I'd argue that both parts 1 and 5 are good things to have formalised in law. Even if you disagree with the current policy of military detention (which I strongly do under current US law,
especially in the current legal climate), having it as law is better than having it exist as legal opinions and memos from the Bush and Obama administrations. It's the only real way I see the policies being reviewed and reformed in the light of day.
The only other alternative to change these policies is to find a presidential candidate who will actually change policy and fight a very uphill battle against hawks in Congress, elements of the military, intelligence services and other administration offices. At one stage I held a hope Obama might manage that. Admittedly not much hope. Now I'm certain we won't see such a candidate till at least 2016 (and no I don't count Ron Paul as a real candidate), and even then I don't see who they might be.
The reason the administration is against this bill are the mandate and prisoner transfer restrictions. The mandate is simply stupid, tough on crime/terrorism bullshit. The prisoner transfer restrictions are a nearly purely political jab at the Obama administration to stop even the weak efforts at closing Guantanamo bay or even thinking of moving away from military detention of current detainees.