CREATURE:RABBIT (grazer: 120000) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
1 skull
CREATURE:CAVY (grazer: 75000) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 1 year
1 skull
CREATURE:BIRD_DUCK (non-grazer) (lays 8-13 eggs) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
1 skull
CREATURE:BIRD_GUINEAFOWL (non-grazer) (lays 4-15 eggs) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 1 year
1 skull
CREATURE:BIRD_CHICKEN (non-grazer) (lays 4-15 eggs) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
2 fat, 1 feather, 2 meat, 1 prepared intestines, 1 skin, 1 skull
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:BIRD_PEAFOWL_BLUE (non-grazer) (lays 6-8 eggs) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 1 year
6 bone, 8 fat, 1 feather, 8 meat, 1 prepared intestines, 1 skin, 1 skull
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:BIRD_GOOSE (non-grazer) (lays 3-8 eggs) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 1 year
6 bone, 8 fat, 1 feather, 8 meat, 1 prepared intestines, 1 skin, 1 skull
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:BIRD_TURKEY (non-grazer) (lays 10-14 eggs) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
6 bone, 8 fat, 1 feather, 8 meat, 1 prepared intestines, 1 skin, 1 skull
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:CAT (non-grazer) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
4 bone, 6 fat, 1 hair, 6 meat, 1 prepared intestines, 1 skin, 1 skull
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:DOG (non-grazer) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
12 bone, 1 chopped liver, 12 fat, 1 hair, 12 meat, 1 nervous tissue
1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney
2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:GOAT (grazer: 1200) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
10 bone, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 2 horn, 8 meat, 1 nervous tissue
1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney
2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:SHEEP (grazer: 1200) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
caste MALE:
10 bone, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 4 hoof, 2 horn, 8 meat, 1 nervous tissue
1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney
2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
1 wool
caste FEMALE:
8 bone, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 4 hoof, 8 meat, 1 nervous tissue
1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney
2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
1 wool
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE, HAIR
CREATURE:PIG (grazer: 1000) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
12 bone, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 8 meat, 1 nervous tissue
1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney
2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:ALPACA (grazer: 857) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
16 bone, 1 chopped liver, 12 fat, 12 meat, 1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain
1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung
1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe, 1 wool
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE, HAIR
CREATURE:REINDEER (grazer: 461) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
16 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 2 horn, 9 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines
2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull
1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:LLAMA (grazer: 333) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
18 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 12 fat, 13 meat, 1 nervous tissue
1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney
2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
1 wool
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE, HAIR
CREATURE:DONKEY (grazer: 200) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
14 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 9 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 1 prepared heart, 1 prepared intestines
2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen, 1 skin, 1 skull
1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:MULE (grazer: 150) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
14 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 9 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 2 prepared eye, 1 prepared heart
1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen
1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
CREATURE:HORSE (grazer: 120) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
14 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 9 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 2 prepared eye, 1 prepared heart
1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen
1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:COW (grazer: 100) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
16 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 2 horn, 11 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 2 prepared eye, 1 prepared heart
1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen
1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:YAK (grazer: 85) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
16 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 2 horn, 11 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 2 prepared eye, 1 prepared heart
1 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen
1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
CREATURE:WATER_BUFFALO (grazer: 60) Can breed at 1 year, full size at 2 years
16 bone, 1 cartilage, 1 chopped liver, 8 fat, 1 hair, 4 hoof, 2 horn, 13 meat
1 nervous tissue, 1 prepared brain, 2 prepared eye, 1 prepared heart
2 prepared intestines, 2 prepared kidney, 2 prepared lung, 1 prepared spleen
1 skin, 1 skull, 1 sweetbread, 1 tripe
Additional butcher products: LEATHER, TALLOW, SOAP
Non-butcher creature products: MILK, CHEESE
From this we can see that of the non-grazing common domestic animals, the dog has the highest yield of meat and other butchering products. Turkeys are the best of the egg-layers. Ducks and guineafowl are never large enough to get anything but a skull, but they go give eggs. Rabbits and cavies are completely useless.
Water buffalo are the highest meat common domestic animal, but they're nearly impossible to keep fed. Sheep, alpaca, and llamas are all good choices for grazing livestock, you can not only butcher them for meat but get milk, cheese, and wool from the living animals.
ETA: On closer inspection, either geese or blue peafowl are actually superior to turkeys as sources of meat. Turkeys take two years to reach full size, geese and peafowls only take one year, and the amount of meat you get from them appears to be the same.