It always amuses me how some americans can shout "socialist" like it's an insult, a remnant of the cold war brainwashing
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As for the various grievances by the protesters:
-Wallstreet the big evil.
Starting in the 80s the US/UK started deregulating banks, allowing them to merge deposit banks/affairs bank/insurance.
In our age of technology it also lead to absurdities such as high frequency trading which has no base in reality.
Now why did the US/UK authorized those deregulations(followed by nearly every country in the world)? Because it made money, it increased the wealth of the banks, allowing them to lend more money and everyone made a profit off it. Yes, everyone, not only the rich...
Well until they lent too much compared to what they had, then of course those that had the less money suffered the most...
The solution is simple, separate deposit banks/affairs banks/insurance all over again. I think the UK are considering doing this, probably other countries too, the US I doubt it as the politics and the financial powers are quite closely intertwined.
-Politicians are corrupt.
Now that's an american specific issue in my opinion. The fact that you only have 2 parties is quite an oddity. As someone from the "old countries"(ie europe :p) it's frankly bizarre. In my country we have political parties from the extreme left(yes, communists! :p), left(socialists), center, right, extreme right and also political parties with specific agendas like ecology. Usually not a single party can expect a majority and must form alliances to set a government, leading to concessions from the leading party on a specific agenda from another party, etc. I feel this leads to less frustrations than a bipartite governement as you can always vote your disatisfaction by voting for the issues that matter the most to you.
And the financial side of political campaigns is insane too. Corporations can give unlimited donations to parties? Unlimited funds? Capitalism Ho! And the amount of slandering going on is insane!
In my country the funds are limited for all the parties. You are reimbursed by the state depending on your score(1/20th of the max if you do less than 5%, a quarter of the max if you do more than 5%, half if you end up in the 2nd round(the top 2 of the first round go in the 2nd round)).
You have a limited time alloted on television for each candidate/party and I think "ads" are run one after another.
As to how to change the fact that the finance has very deep links with the politics, I have no idea how to do that. I doubt very much protesting in the streets pumping fists with vague revendications is going to do that...
You could make a third "clean" party at the next election but that party would just get slandered by the massive media machine behind the democrats and the republicans...
Frankly I'm stumped, and quite curious to see if a solution emerge...