As amusing as it is, watching mothers wade into battle with their offspring strapped to them, it's not unknown for the parent to die and the child to be left laying a heap of corpses...
A six month old baby in my fort just got mixed up in an attack and was hurled from it's mothers corpse down a, luckily, unfinished pit. It's now horrifically mauled and crawling around the place dragging both broken legs and one arm behind it, I assume looking for it's still living father.
Still, it strikes me as amusing when several inhabitants stand around watching, or just blithely walk past, the mauled girl dragging herself through corridors and stairwells, not once looking to pick the child up and get it to either medical care or it's next of kin.
What I would propose is some kind of further evolution of the parenting instinct.
If a child is misplaced, then other members of the community should seek to reunite the kid, if they have at least a passing acquaintance with it's mother or father.
If one of the two is dead, then it should be taken to the survivor.
If neither are left alive, the child should have a chance to be taken in by another member of the community.
If the child is injured, it should be hauled to a hospital.
Actually, just picking up injured people of any age, if hauling injured is active, should probably take a certain amount of precedence. I know dwarves are kind of hardcore, but just leaving a person to die of various horrific injuries in the middle of a field is fairly impressive.