Mr. Person, you said the first thing to do is build a factory and I agree that we should have enough production to make colony ships on a regular basis. I don't know how much that will take though, I'll defer to your experience for that.
Since we have a research boosting square I think it should be a high priority to put a research lab there. I think research labs should be important in general but it's more important to exploit the bonus as soon as we can so that we get the most out of it.
The influence bonus is good but without meeting other civilizations yet I don't know what good influence would do us. Without other civilizations I think this is a low priority-we should build an influence building here but we don't need to right away.
Economically colony ships and factories are a drain on our funds so I think we should look for economic improvement as well. I don't fully understand the mechanics so I don't know if it would be better to get enough factories only for colony ships to be regularly produced on Earth and use the rest of the space for other endeavors, relying on other colonies to produce other things. Since Earth will have the biggest population to start we'll see the most impact with Economic improvements on Earth, at least until other planets surpass it in population.
Speaking of population I read on the wiki population growing too fast dramatically reduced approval and could cause a lot of problems. I don't believe we should have more than one farm on any given planet unless there's a reason to do so. If we're worried about population depletion on Earth due to all the colony ships, getting 100% approval gives a population bonus and improves the economy so building morale boosters should work.
In Conclusion:
Earth Development by Order of Importance:- Factories - for colony ships - Rush Buy the first if able
- Research Lab on the Bonus space - Rush Buy this as well
- Other Research Labs
- Economic Improvements/Morale Improvements
- Farm
- Influence improvement for the bonus
Of course this is only assuming we don't specialize in a single thing. Mr. Person, since you have more experience than me I'm relying on your for specific numbers and knowing how much to specialize and such. Also I believe in the Farming Tech Tree there's something to turn that yellow space green so we'd have an additional space to work with. I think we should specialize other planets when the opportunity arises but for Earth a mixed focus might be required.
Edit: Also Mr. Person, I think we should work out a plan for our other colonies in general as well. Obviously what we decide to build will vary from colony to colony, but other than the things mentioned in my previous Constitution post can you think of anything that should just generally be done for any colony?
Edit 2-Revenge of Edit: Mr. Person, I'm also thinking we might want to buy our first colony ship or two until we get factories up to speed production. Again though, having no experience I don't know how much things cost and what kind of impact on our economy it will have.