If you're interested in peeving the factions, one of the campaign missions (number 6, to be precise) does exactly that - periodic events force you to pick one of two factions, and the one you didn't pick gets a temporary -100 to respect. This triggers a guaranteed 'faction disaster', where that faction begins going all-out to undermine your regime through whatever means they have available. (Coincidentally, that mission
also guarantees at least a few rebels, though nothing that'll actually
challenge you. A 5 rebel versus 22 soldier battle is not overly thrilling.)
IIRC (and I only remember it vaguely from Tropico 3, so things might've changed), the Communists, when sufficiently annoyed, will rally their allies and deposit rebels on your shores with each freighter. And they're pretty easy to tick off, especially early game - poor housing and healthcare are both black marks on your relationship, so it doesn't take a lot more to push them over the edge. In fact, the ease of unintentionally annoying them in the early game is the only reason I discovered what happened when you don't mollify the Commies early on. Getting rebels when you can't yet afford Generals is not good, especially when you need those college grads for, ya know,
healthcare!
The Religious faction, when peeved, only declares you Anathema, which means everybody loses respect when visiting churches and cathedrals. However, having enough churches and cathedrals for people to frequently visit generally means that the religious nuts will love you, hence their faction disaster is most dangerous when it's least likely. Not building your first church will certainly make them hate you (and there are lots of traits that'll also push down their respect), but then their disaster will be more or less harmless.
The other factions also have theme-specific disasters. The Intellectuals stage protests that prevent any students from graduating (again, meaningless if you don't have a high school, and unlikely if you
do). The Loyalists begin dropping out of the faction, which would be more threatening if they weren't so bloody tough to keep happy - besides being the faction that
starts with the lowest respect for you (lolwut?), if you stop caring about them I fail to see how their numbers
reducing is a threatening penalty. Capitalists start stealing 20% of your export revenue, and the Nationalists stage street riots that'll result in the deaths of both Nationalist supporters and immigrant civilians.
I dunno what the other factions do, though, so sorry!