First off: Why are you even asking us? This is a gaming forum. Ask this in a programming forum like CodeCall, or better yet ask a real programmer or CS professor. You're most likely going to hurt yourself learning from fools like us, and honestly I don't want to see that happen.
C++, I've been told by a number of sources, is a messy and unsafe language. Stay away from it, at least for now.
My suggestions: If you absolutely want to learn a C-like language (I'm lumping in Java, C-Sharp and Python into this) either get into Python, which is apparently quite beginner-friendly, or learn straight C. this will help you in the long run.
But here's the thing: if you want to get closer to the mathematical side of programming, and what the stuff actually is, start off with things like lambda calculus, Scheme, Haskell and Lisp. These languages will be much easier to swallow with a background in lambda calculus (trivial to learn the basics in; ask soundandfury in NewNet #bay12games for the basics and the textbooks, or ask LNCP) or just mathematics in general, and will probably benefit you as a blank slate. These are good to know.
tl;dr : If you want to be a lazy bum and just learn how to write things, go w/ C or Python. Probably Python first, then C. But if you want to learn a bit more, get to know the topic, learn those along with Lambda Calculus and either Scheme or Haskell.