I was just now trying to dispose of 30 or so children without cause tantrums, and that caused me to think of how children could be made a bit more interesting and individual in DF, and give workshop production a bit of a boost. I think most of this would not require a major change to the game.
I had the idea that if a child could be apprenticed to a specific dwarf, they could assist that dwarf in some areas related to the labour involved, ie helping to haul materials needed for tasks, even possibly looking ahead at the job queue on the workshop to pre-fetch needed materials, clearing cluttered workshops, stockpiling wood for a woodcutter etc. The child would gradually gain the skill associated with whatever core labour is involved, based on the main dwarfs primary skill level, teaching skill, level of friendship with the apprentice and other possible factors. Unassigned or not busy children should also randomly help out at workshops based on their interests, talents and personal relationships. This would help diversify what skills children pick up during adolescence, rather than the only skill trained being "farming" as now.
Apprenticeships could be used for adult dwarves as well, they would then prefer to seek jobs assisting the main dwarf, and gradually gain some skills. When the workshop/main dwarf is not busy they'd fall back on whatever labours you had assigned for them manually. Maybe 'Apprentice' labour could be added to the "Other" section of labours, which would be True by default but do nothing until you set them as someone's apprentice.
The pre-fetching, and/or sharing out of workshop material hauling could be handy. If applied to all haulers (maybe in a workshop option "Haulers Fetch Workshop Materials", or an extra labour under hauling of "Workshop Materials") it would reduce the need to make tiny input stockpiles everywhere, and increase the efficiency of workshops meaning you don't need to build so many and workers train faster.
The downside could be a whole lot more haulers to few workshops types, compared to what's optimal now, which would be boring. I think the answer to that would be to have apprentices in a particular trade learn the skill whilst general haulers do not (because they pay no attention), seeing an "apprentice carpenter" running around would be better.
Just wondering what you think of these ideas.