The key to bombers, as I've found, is using them as part of a (much) larger swarm of fighters; if the enemy cruisers and caps are busy shooting at a dozen other fighters, they won't be shooting (as much) at your bombers. Also note that with fighters (far more than anything else) quality will tell.
On a whim, I bought an Astral (and put my Odyssey into storage), outfitted it with 3 heavy burst lasers (the name is a lie; they're the medium-sized version of burst PD lasers), 8 burst PD lasers, and the Unstable Injector, Dedicated Targeting Core, Stabilized Shields, and Hardened Shields. The rest of my combat fleet is as follows, all fighter wings: 1x Trident (High-tech bombers; 2x torps and 3x LR PD lasers, good shields), 2x Xyphos (HT, 1x Phase Beam, 2x burst PD lasers, also good shields), 2x Wasp (duh), and 2x Thunder (the low-tech fighters with the ion cannons, swarmers, and single harpoon).
I've wiped out maybe 12 pirate armadas and carrier groups without having to replace a single wing, without using any nonfighters other than my Astral, and without taking any armor or hull damage on that. After the second battle I got sick of hanging back, so I started rushing and using my PD lasers to pick off frigates and destroyers.
The only real downside I've found is that it's a very supply-intensive way to fight; I can burn through 200+ per battle. I ended up buying an Atlas just to cart around more supplies. On the plus side, fighters are cheap, so when I start gunning for the Hegemony I'll probably just fill my fleet window with extra wings and drop them in if and when they're needed.