First, how do i Dump things in a pit? Or even mark the pit as a pit to dump things in? I tried the i function but when i mark the Pit and define it as such the Dwarfs dont dump anything in it. I had a lot of Goblins in some Cages and wanted to.... you know show them the beautiful Walls of my Doompit. THe pit was made simply by Channeling the Ground on different Levels until it was like 5 Levels deep.
Designing a pit using an act(i)vity zone must be used at the open space square. It can be used to throw creatures and captured ennemies using the zone (p)roperties. Watch out though, a goblin thief can escape before being thrown down the pit and scare a great many dwarves.
You can also use a garbage dump zone using (i). If the dump is set next to an open space square, the items dumped will be thrown down into the open square.
Related to the Goblins, Tinypirate mentioned you could let Dwarfs use the Goblins to do "sparring". Could anyone explain to me if and how that works?
The most simple way is to build, in an area you can qualify as an arena, a cage containing a goblin (choose the right cage by e(x)panding the list of cages available for construction). Then dump the goblin equipment using (on the cage location) (d)esignate, (b), (d)ump and also (d)esignate, (b), (c) unforbid, so your haulers dump all the goblin equipment and he's left naked. Don't forget to undesignate the cage material for dumping using (t). Afterward, (b)uild a (T) (l)ever and link it to the cage. When the lever is pulled, the cage will be deconstructed and the goblin will be released, naked. Your military can then proceed to wack him using training weapons (sword, axe or spear, depending on the skill to train). With armors and clothes, your soldiers do this without much danger, and the use of training weapons lets the
poor defenseless creature ugly bastard survive quite long enough.
Goblins give live action training, but still, the danger room design gives a much better training (with armored dwarves). At least in my opinion.
I wanted to catch and tame Animals that where on the map with me. But just putting some Animal Traps outside does nothing, is there a way to lure them in? Or Catch them with a different Method?
The best way is to use cage traps. (b)uild a (T) (c)age trap in a location where wild animals goof around, chances are one will get caught. Note that he won't come tamed, but if he's not exotic you will be able to tame him at the kennel (say, camels, goats, stuff like that). I believe animal traps are for vermins, but you don't want that dusgusting kind.
Since i play with the newest Version, my Miners seem to work slower, or its better to say the Game runs slower, Dwarfs dont run as fast as the version in TPs Guide and it takes Hours to dig out some Space, did it get slowed down on purpose or is that a bug/issue im having?
It's worth giving your miners 5 points in mining at embark. They then have a headstart in one of the most important dwarven job, digging your mountain home. Other than that, maybe the new version is more processor-intensive than the previous, and therefore gives less frames per second (FPS).
To get over the water issue in my curretn fortress, i blocked the Tunnel i used to flood the Ground for the farm with a floodgate. If it starts raining, will the Lake fill with Water again? If not is it possible to find Caves and such underground with Water? And just to feed my curiosity, i read somewhere that with the new version, you will find magma and Caves (With beasts and stuff!) in EVERY Map you start, true?
If your areas (biomes) are rainy and not too hot (scorching temperatures evaporate water pretty fast), your lake (called murky pool) will refill, given enough time. Still, it's better not to rely on murky pools for a reliable source of water. Better use an aquifer, a river (brook, stream of bigger), or a water body (above or under ground) connected to the border of the map.
Yes, with default world gen settings, there is magma and caverns in every maps, but you CAN change that with custom advanced settings.
And last: My first Fortress got one ambush by goblins, and then i never saw any attack again. And i played for quite a few ingame years. Is it random or is it possible that some Fortresses dont get attacked at all or only a few times with not many attackers?
That is... complicated. Wether it be because you intimidated previous ambushes and survivors told the aweful stories to the parent civ, or the civ itself has its hands full with other ennemies, goblins don't necessarily assault you constantly. I personnaly don't know much about it, but maybe others have tried !!science!! on that side.