On the resources question, I think you have to answer a few questions.
1) Weapons. Energy weapons will require power to function. Mass drivers may require power and certainly take resources depending on the type (chemical, gauss, rail, etc). Missiles should just require resources.
2) Power source for ships? Are we using an assumed infinite power source? Or are ships going to require some sort of fuel? Power consumption for flight may also impact power available for weapons or defenses.
In general, though, I think you can make do with 2-4 resource categories. This can be broken down more if you want to get detailed about it or left as large categories and abstract out the details.
1) Basic metals: Alloys and whatnot, but generally made of steel, aluminum, or silica. Mining from asteroids should make this easy, although you'll a lot of it.
2) Rare Earth Metals: Special materials needed for components and alloys. Asteroid mining works here, too, although they should be a lot rarer.
3) Fuel source: Depends on your fuel source. Could be Uranium if you want nuclear power, could be some exotic material or antimatter. Optional, since it could be lumped in with #2
4) General Supplies: Basic resources for running a ship. Food, oxygen, spare parts, etc. Optional, but could allow for interesting variability with regards to automation. A more automated ship requires fewer supplies and space devoted to said supplies but is probably less efficient.
Asteroid or moon mining probably accounts for most stuff. Less power consumption to break away from the gravitational pull of the source and plenty of resources out there. Might need space stations or colonies to supply personnel and general goods if you go that route.