Military hasn't changed much since April, but most of the military bugs have been worked out so the only real problem with it now is the complexity. Arsenal Dwarf was sentenced to perpetual hammering, don't need to worry about him anymore.
Randomly generated monsters that were previously unkillable can now be killed, although depending on what they're made of you might need some really good weapons. Anything made of liquid, gas, or powder is still very easy to kill.
There's now additional incentive to give your dwarves proper burials. If you lose the corpse you can build a memorial slab instead.
Healthcare is still a little buggy. Only lost one dwarf so far due to doctors not doing their job (possibly because most of my dwarves get killed by other things before the hospital gets a chance to do that), and I've seen at least one dwarf with a crutch despite everyone saying that crutches never get used. Your mileage may vary.
Combat got reworked a bit recently; it was mostly for Adventure mode, but it's noticeable in Fortress mode in that fights should end once one combatant loses consciousness, due to every attack having maximum damage and accuracy on the passed-out guy and the victor will try to finish the fight quickly at that point with a blow to the head or something. Speaking of Adventure mode and combat, I'd definitely reccommend trying out the new combat system (use shift+A to aim your attack. The wrestling interface got cleaned up too, I think).
Oh, and there's quite a bit of stuff to do in Adventure Mode now. Very, very different from what it was back in April.