On the federal scale?
on any scale. What should a government be able to do that we can't do for ourselves
1. Defend the national interest, uphold the rule of law, and mint currency.
currency I understand, since we need to trust it, while competition would hurt a currency.
protecting the national interest and upholding their own laws I don't understand. It's too vague. What can be considered a "national interest"? A few years ago there was a town that kicked people out of their house in order to build a wal-mart. They used "the interest of the city" as justification, as it would create jobs for everyone else. Should behavior like this be allowed? If we left it at this then the country could do anything it wanted to, and then could uphold it since they just made the law.
2. None, and that's the point.
How does this compare to a local militia? That would be cheaper and more efficient, while also theoretically being able to uphold the law and to a certain extend defend the national interest.
3. Gut it.
4. Return to 1870.
3 and 4 seem like they go together, but gutting it AND returning to 1870-like culture seems like a bad idea. 1970 was a crappy time. If we were to gut it and set it up new, your saying we can't do better?
On the state scale powers get broader, and the local scale even broader than that. But this means you can move from town to town or state to state to suit your own tastes regarding those annoying little social issues or your preferred level of taxes and public services.
"broader" the more local you get is generally agreeable, but is says next to nothing. I assume you mean that the higher governments override the lower governments. I also assume you mean that higher governments should be restricted in what they can do. However, what if the government obtains a power that that we wouldn't like it to have? What motivation is there to remove it? How difficult would it be to remove, and what are the consequences in the meantime? This, by the way, wouldn't fit with your assertion for #2 - defending hte national interest and defending the rule of law can be expanded to every imaginable power a government can have.
1. Defend the national interest, uphold the rule of law, and mint currency.
This?
Danger: Arch-conservative incoming
Maybe, but we shouldn't mind. If we were to improve politics, we can't tilt the favor to non-conservatives. All of their concerns should be addressed as well.