So I've started two forts in a row now on the border of a scorching mountain and desert biomes, and both times I've ended up with these absolutely gnarly and not very aesthetically pleasing cave systems. They look pretty horrible and the patches of tower caps are so small scattered with crevices or water or Armok knows what else in between them for them to be easily exploitable sources of wood. First off, why are they apparently so common in scorching environments (or am I just unlucky?), and secondly, does anyone have any tips of where to start digging and how to tame this cave system?
It's the World Gen settings; you either selected or wound up with a world whose caverns have high Passage Density and low Openness. That may not be the case for every cavern system in the world, but will generally be true of all caverns within the same region. So just about any of them within that particular scorching desert mountain region are likely to be this way. You might luck out and find one that isn't, but it'd have to be a considerable distance away from the other forts. At least a few tiles on the world map to be sure.
If you want wide open cave systems with lots of plants, then generate a world with high Min/Max Openness (95 or higher to 100). You can either have Passage Density set really low for caverns that are connected only at a few points or really high so that they'll connect to each other all over the place or directly overlap one another.
You might be able to regen the same surface world with different caverns. I can't recall if changing those settings changes the surface features or not; I don't think it does, but I'm not sure of that as it's been a while since I've regenerated the same world over and over again. It definitely affects your history though since your civilizations will have access to different resources and how often they're attacked.