I have a very well optimized workshop/storage pattern I use in my more modern fortresses.
They involve stacked sets of 7 3x3 rooms laid out in a hexagonal pattern, with stairways running up the center. 4 of these patterns are laid out around a 3x3 central transit shaft, and every 4 levels or so I have a regular 4-way corridor that allows movement between the 4 outer shafts and the central transit shaft which runs down through the entire fortress like those shafts in the death star.
This lets me lay out a huge number of enclosed workshops/small storage rooms in a very dense pattern, with very short paths between them. In each cluster there are 24 rooms with no two further than 10 steps apart, and across the entire structure there are 96 rooms with no two rooms more than about 20 spaces apart. Also, there are very few corridor spaces and very little in the way of traffic choke points.
I designed this after realizing that dwarves go up and down a flight of stairs in about the same time it takes them to walk a single space horizontally, and that my fortresses were way too two-dimensional. This design is far more three dimensional than my previous ones.
Now, I don't know how optimal this layout for the path finding system to calculate paths - but it certainly allows my dwarves to get materials where they need to be very, very fast, so it results in highly productive industries.