Regarding chemistry:
A good place to start would be determining the temperature. Hmm... Blue sun, probably a bit hotter than our sun... unless it's farther away. Since blue stars are generally larger, then it could look much the same as ours...
So Colin's planet is most likely in the "green belt" or closer, as anything farther will be too cold for very active chemistry... and anything closer would, regardless of adaptation, have wide temperature swings. Tell me, do rocks start to melt around noon? Probably not, they'd make bad building materials.
I myself am very interested in how we are communicating with you. There appears to be some kind of translation going on, unless you somehow understand English (that is, our language). Let's see... ah, here; do you think the words dead, head, lead, and red have anything in common? If you are receiving us directly, they'll sound similar, but if you're receiving something translated, then they will probably sound completely different.
Ah, and it just occurred to me! Time rates! This may sound like a silly question, but about how long ago did that "pile of information" hit you? About an hour?
Cheddarius, be nice to the poor, um... man? So many beeps!
Oh, and to answer your earlier question, Colin, we generally don't have things that put information directly into our heads. Do you have any new metallic things attached to your skull?
It seems that Colin's home is in many ways similar to ours a few hundred years ago. One way to nail down where exactly his people are would be energy sources.
Colin, you mentioned that it gets hot during the summer- what about winter? Does it get cold to the point where you have to make warmth somehow? What do you use to do that?
Ah, still so many basic things to learn! I could ask about moon(s), about any bright, moving, stars, about machines and what shape your world is... but I'll restrain myself. Give your fiancee our greetings- um, actually, probably a bad idea. Best not to worry her unduly.