I have thought of many fantasy settings over my life, and each had different interpretations of the standard races.
For now I'll use the depictions from my EFFIGIES webcomic:
forget about Svart territory, I plan to remove that from ther map
MAJOR RACESHUMAN BIOLOGYPredominantly Pale-skinned, due to climate. Otherwise Identical to real humans, barring a few differences, such as hair colour (William the human archeologist has blue hair)
HUMAN CULTURESFollowers: Ambitious and diplomatic, living in a psuedo-feudal series of autonomous collectives. Industrial Human towns line the coast of the Civilized world, and pastoral villages dot the inland plains. These humans follow a christian-based religion with an emphasis on fire and the sun (their version of Jesus was
burned at the stake rather than crucified) Their religous center is a large church-city known as The Keep. Their languages in-setting are identical to English and latin.
Outlanders: A simpler, more superstitious people, who are rumoured to still follow old Pagan religions. Very little contact occurs between them and the more civilized humans. Their languages are germanic-based.
DWARVEN BIOLOGYShorter than humans, but far heavier and stronger. Both genders grow beards. They appear to have no pupils, but this is actually due to a second eyelid which covers their eyes to keep out dust. They have a much higher tolerance for alcohol than humans do (they must drink a lot more for it to have an effect) this has lead to a stereotype of dwarves as gluttonous drunkards.
DWARVEN CULTURESMountain Dwarves: The "true dwarves" as they call themselves live in an underground city Beneath Mt. Bakar. Their religion has a form of Ancestor Worship, with a strong belief in the afterlife. These Dwarves are master smiths, stonecarvers and engineers.
Hill Dwarves: Called "Dwarrow" (a dwarvish word meaning "foreigner/immigrant) by the mountain dwarves. These are slightly taller dwarves who live in and around Human society.
Cave Dwarves: The 'Duergar", subterranean boogeyman who may or may not actually exist. They are spoken of in dwarven Fairy tales as menacing creatures who kidnap lost children.
ELVEN BIOLOGYTaller than humans, but far lighter and faster. Males rarely grow beards. They appear to have no pupils, but this is actually due to the fact that their eyes produce their own light, making the pupil and iris appear white and luminescent. Their bodies have trouble deriving nutrients from meat and dairy products. As such, they live mostly on Vegetables, beans and bread.
ELVEN CULTURESTrowe: Warlike wood elves, with a religion based on discipline and physical fitness. They supplement their diet with various dairy products to make up for the elves' naturally weak bone strength.
Sylvans: Peaceful woodelves, with a religion based on nature worship. They are renowned for the quality of their baked goods. They smoke a peculiar herb as a recreational drug (though they claim that they ingest it for religous reasons).
Half-Elves: Umbrella term for elves who live with (and interbreed with) Humans.
KOBOLD BIOLOGYKobolds are savage and Ratlike, with arrow-tipped tails and bright yellow eyes. They can see in the dark and their saliva contains a mild venom which causes drowsiness. Their bodies are very inefficient at processing nutrients - they must consume large quantities of food to actually get any nourishment.
KOBOLD CULTUREThey have a pack-oriented culture predominantly centered around scavenging, infighting and stealing. They will wear stolen clothes, but can not make their own. The extent of their weaponmaking ability is taking pieces of wood, metal, bone or rock and sharpening them. it is unknown if they speak a language or not.
GOBLIN BIOLOGYGoblins are Immortal, and are capable of going into hibernation underground for centuries at a time. They are very strong for their size. They can see in the dark, but going out in the sunlight makes them dizzy and nauseous.
They can move very fast in complete darkness. They can survive losing a considerable amount of blood.
Goblins experience pain differently than other races - severed limbs and bruising cause them no discomfort, but they do feel pain from burning, organ damage, and head trauma. Goblin blood burns and coagulates when it contacts iron (but not steel!). This is very painful to the goblin.
CULTURE (just one)Martial and warlike, with a very blunt sense of honour (you have wronged me. I'm going to kill your entire village). Goblin society is organized into three social classes, each with an associated clothing colour: yellow for working class, Red for Soldier class, blue for ruling class. The ruling class includes the royal family and the priesthood. Goblin priests serve as messangers to the troll tribes which associate with goblins.
OTHER DANGERSTROLLSBiology: Mysterious and powerful immortals. They can not truly die - if you leave their corpse lying long enough it will grow back and return to life. They slowly turn to stone in the sunlight, but can turn back to flesh if they stay in the dark long enough. No two trolls look exactly the same, but they are all grey-skinned humanoids of with six fingers and tufted tails.
Demeanor: They are conniving and tricksy, but not unwilling to resort to brute force. Their morals are shifty at best, thought they have been known to cooperate with goblins on occasion.
Trolls are rumoured to be the sons of a fallen angel and a mortal man.
unlike ogres, trolls adamantly follow the complex plans of their divine father.OGRESBiology: The "cousins" of trolls, ogres tend to be more solitary and civil than their tribal brethren. Ogres can shapeshift to appear as humans or animals, but their true form will always resemble giant, burly men with horns and tusks.
Demeanor: They are not very outrightly hostile to mortals, but will not hesitate to kill (and eat) them if they cause trouble.
DEMONS"demons" are defined as creatures that were created rather than born. It is an umbrella term describing various beings (as defined by the raw material they were created from)
True Demons: Servants/warriors of divine beings, created using souls as a raw material. Due to having a true soul, they can learn and adapt, which other demon types are incapable of doing.
Golems: simplistic demons made of rock or metal.
Homunculus: More complex demons made of corpses or body parts.
DRAGONSBiology: dragons resemble many-limbed metal snakes. Their scales are composed of black metal, and their innards are a complicated system of tubes and organs composed of white-hot metal. The dragon can breathe fire by mixing combustible gases within its body. The dragon's flanks are covered with metallic gill slits, through which it vents excess gas from the fire-breathing process. The dragon's underside has overlapping metal plates. Between these plates the dragon secretes a flammable slime. The dragon's eyes and nose are simply vents into it's fiery interior - they constantly exude a red smoke.
Demeanor: The dragon is an enigmatic servant of the gods, sent to tempt mankind and test his true nature.