tl;dr: I munchkin'd a fortress design for efficiency: enjoy your Dorf Cylinder.
I had a fortress design I was messing around with, but never actually got around to implementing (I just like reading about DF and designing forts). It's highly vertical, very flexible, and extremely efficient, stepwise. This was designed for the older version, but is actually more applicable now that there are more Z-levels and burrows.
Green = Stairs
Blue = Doors
Red = Magma/magma access
B is Bedroom level, housing 17 Dorfs each with 3x3 rooms.
W is Workshop level, with 5 3x3 shops, 4 *x* shops, and 8 3x* shops.
MW is Magma Workshop level, as above, but with magma.
M is magma distribution level/stockpile level. Access shafts are designed in.
S is stockpile level
The M-level needs to have magma pumped in. It's not on the chart, but use (one of) the four diagonal squares that are jutting out (if you want to pump from the magma sea now... that's kind of why the design is a bit outdated).
I've been working on designing a pressurized water-delivery system to each room, which would involve more pump stacks/access tunnels/machine rooms. It would also need more Z-levels, but oh well. Burrows would work ideally here, but you'd have to link them every so many z-levels in order to connect the burrows. Hauling is hilariously easy, because most trade goods are within 20 steps of the trade depot, put on the ground level next to the stairs. Anybody in a workshop should never be more than 10 steps away from whatever they need to make stuff. You kind of have to watch out, because building 3x3 workshops in the 5 central 3x3 rooms can block movement. You can just knock down those walls and use the space as more stockpiles instead.
The four main stairwells are up/down stairs, use hatches on all levels. If you want larger bedrooms, dig out further. 12 bedroom levels will house 200+ dwarves.
The one thing that's not designed is some sort of "grand entrance" but that's the place for your aboveground building skills to shine.
Another thing: more than 20 z-levels for this, and the design starts to become less efficient. You can solve this by either burrows or by casting an obsidian tower aboveground and building up. Ideally, the entrance needs to be in the center of this stack.
(Theoretically, the most efficient design you can ever have is a sphere with the center being the warpgate entrance, covered by a shell of stockpiles, then a shell of workshops, and then a shell of bedrooms.)
Hope it made sense, lol.