What can I use gold for?
Currently, money (
gold is a bit of a misnomer, seeing that you might get gold as a resource as well. I'll change that in the rules over time.) is used as upkeep for military and caster units (without trade, you can only keep three military units). Also pretty close is the use of money for colonies (10 money startup, 2 upkeep). A few magic schools might use 3 money as a magic resource, possibly as an abstraction (such as it happened with the Zrlv in AoR I). Higher-level technologies will open up other uses for money as well.
Regarding your turn, do note that you have a Governor leader, not a General.
Our cities don't start with any resources do they? Just 10,000 people.
Correct. You'll get what you gather immediately, though.
Speaking of prospecting, I assume some special resources will be found through exploration rather than discovering them in your city radius? If so, will there be any way to gather them other than building a colony nearby?
You might find resources outside the city radius, yes. Colonies will likely be the mayor way to get those resources to your cities - other ways would probably be too inefficient to be viable.
(hoping for +1 animal)
No need to hope. With any terrain improvement, you can choose what the tile provides whenever you work it. Thus, you can choose to gain an animal and a wool rather than a food and a wool in one turn, and in the next, choose to gain 2 food and one wool.
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Now then, the issue with Haika's forests. He is in a good position to get more from forests than the other players, but I admit, he isn't quite there yet. I'm considering allowing him to drop the clothier's workshop for the option to build the canopy farms he wanted to research, as part of the Blessing of Gaia tech. These canopy farms would work the same as the swamp farms I have/had in AoR 2 (3 labor, +1 food), except built on forests. Maybe 2 labor, +1 food, -1 wood. Remember that all improvement already are mutually exclusive unless noted otherwise (mills can share hexes with non-mills, and deep mines require mines). Thought?