nah, they just pull back the drawstring with their hands.
I'm pretty sure crossbow operating was a lot more complicated than that, hence why they didn't really replace archers fully.
I am also conscious of the fact that I may be sparking a debate on a subject I am fairly unfamiliar with. Do forgive me if I make mistakes here.
Nah light crossbows could be reloaded by hand the cranks were necessary on heavy ones. Even light crossbows tended to hit harder than a regular bow though.
Not quite true actually, a decent longbow could have a draw weight of 60 pounds but a light crossbow would be unlikely to get above 30pounds, while i admit that a hevay crossbow could reach up to 150 pounds by the 1400's these had a supremely slow rate of fire, as they required a complexe and slow winching mechanism.
Well, I thought you were totally full of it because the little harmless toy practice bow I had as a kid has a 20 lb draw weight, and it doesn't even put an arrow through an archery target. So I guess I'm saying I
knew you were totally full of it. Don't get too offended, it's a forum <disclaimer statement>
The weakest bow I've drawn was a recreational hunting bow with a 50 lb draw, and I was 13. It had a little power, nothing special, just a normal recurve bow. Just so you know: A 30 lb draw crossbow would perhaps be able to kill a fowl. A larger animal if you hit them in the eye or other soft tissue with a very sharp bolt fired from close range. Any military crossbow (as in, not a training weapon) would have a minimum draw of 50 lbs and probably much more, considering the lack of a need to draw and suspend the weight with the strength of the arm. They could be placed with one end on the ground and drawn with the full strength of the back and both arms, then held in place by a trigger, or in some cases cranked (which is where the heavy crossbows come in).
So any bow of military purpose would need a minimum 50 lb draw to be deadly against opponents even using nothing but leather for protection. According to Wikipedia, the standard English longbow is thought to have had at minimum an 80 lb draw, and in some cases as much as 180 lbs. The period relics recovered from the Mary Rose are estimated at 150-160 lb draw weight.
This power, combined of course with the longbow's projectile size and weight (long range and high damage!) are the reasons it's legendary. Unlike a standard 60 lb hunting bow. You don't make a complicated machine to apply 30 lbs to a bolt (a male child can do that
), nor do you make a 6' bow to fire with the power of a standard hunting bow :-P