Here's what I'd like instead: The ability to require a certain number of dwarves 'on call' for each type of job.
When a dwarf is 'on call' for that job, they will do only that job. More importantly, they will put off sleeping, eating, drinking, and partying to varying extents (obviously, they will only put the essential ones off so far.) This pisses them off somewhat, though only to a limited extent (because eventually they'll just throw up their hands, say 'screw it', and abandon the job.)
But more importantly, when a dwarf who is on-call wants some time off to do something like that soon, they'll basically add a "relief requested" job to the job queue. Another dwarf with that job enabled will then take that and relieve them, allowing them to go off and do their stuff. If something happens to forcibly put the dwarf off-call (like death, injury, passing out, etc), the 'relief requested' job is likewise added.
In this fashion, you could ensure that you always have one miner on call for emergency constructions, or that you always have one food-hauler on call, or whatever.
You could also set requirements on the positions -- e.g. the player could create an 'on-call' position for a miner which requires legendary skill. Of course, if you only have one dwarf that fits, they'll never get relieved, and are eventually going to become horribly pissed.
There would also be an option to allow some things while on-call, such as eating or drinking.