I like cows too and not just for their haunting moos
Differentiating between the male and female of the species is easy, which i find is important if you want to have any kind of sensible breeding going on, without completely trashing your fps. Not that you cant get rid of that problem with some modding of the data files to give those males or females special names.
As for mining, i tend to have quite a lot of active miners. My workforce is usually 6-10 dwarves at any time, except the starting 7, but even then its 3-4 miners active.
It is such a nice skill to train dwarves with, as it levels up rather fast, so i tend to rotate experienced miners out to do other jobs to gain more attributes, or straight to military if they are though enough already.
Actually, the work cycle is like this:
1) hauler -> these also work train on pumps in their spare time. For a hauler pool of 20 i usually have about 6 pumps up.
2) miner, once a miner is rotated out of the miner pool, i pick the best pump operators and turn them into miners. These miners also perform common masonry tasks, like walling or floor laying. A miner is usually rotated out, once he gets to bout level 10 or so. Reason is simple: at that level, they already mine too well, leaving a lot more stone than desirable, and taking away work from less experienced trainees.
3) soldier or siege operator. with a well built catapult range, mass training siege operators is kinda easy.
4) by this time they are usually superdwarves already, so really the only thing left is to give them some proper military training, which will also give a few more bumps to their attributes.
End result, dwarves that can walk through walls. (given they still have their picks of course
)
Obviously i keep a few legendary guys around for vein extraction, but thats pretty much all they have to do. The rest of the time they just sit in the great hall, hold parties at the obsidian statue or scratch their head wondering how 20 puppies, 20 cow calves, 15 horse calves and about the same number of adult animals all fit into a single wooden cage. For some reason tho, this gives them a happy thought, so hey.. who am i to complain?