Except that as others have noted, if you're actually capable of successfully intercepting and boarding an enemy craft, you probably don't need their tech all that badly.
I've considered SM'ing up a scenario game where you start as Earth with one extremely advanced ship (discovered on the Moon or something similar), but little to no tech outside of ground troop tech. The ship would be outfitted with boarding pods, armored, shielded, good weapons and capable of 15,000 km/s+ speed. Then spawn a hostile NPR with established OOB a few jumps away.
While the player would have initial success using it as a one-man war fleet, eventually shit's going to get broken, and they're not going to have the tech to replace it. So one option would be to use it to capture enemy ships and build up the Human fleet and/or disassemble like crazy to try and get tech'ed up in a hurry.
@Mictlantecuhtli:
You need to have done a geosurvey on any rock before civvies will colonize it. I typically make a tiny commercial ship with an engine and geosensor, and cut it loose on automated orders to survey the next 5 system bodies. Eventually it'll complete a full sweep of the system (unless you have some comet or whatnot that's waaaaaaay outside the rest of the system).
The way asteroid miners work is they mine the ore and dump it on the surface. If you check the target colony you're mining, you should see stockpiles of minerals steadily increase. You can either drop a mass driver or two to send the ore somewhere else, or send the occasional cargo ship for an ore run.