Can someone give me a quick outline on making a good, reliable missile ship? My entire book of military class ships consists of a single beam ship with lasers all over it, and I feel like that won't work forever.
Missiles are probably, ton for ton, the uncontested most effective weapon system in Aurora. They just have the steep downsides of limited ammunition and expensive manufactured ammo (it's possible to lose a war of attrition without ever losing a ship).
Other than that, there's really no "best" missile ship design. Some people like fast missile ships that can empty their magazines and then escape pursuit, some like slower but heavily armed ships, etc etc.
I would suggest that, first off, you decide on a range; this is usually governed by your missile designs. Missile designs are, of course, another tradeoff, with longer ranged missiles having less room for warheads and engines. You then want to develop an active sensor that can detect ships out to that range (or farther, if you expect them to have ECM) and a missile fire control for the same range as the sensor, which means the same stats but 1/3rd the size. Since it works out to exactly 1/3rd, I usually design my active sensors in a size multiple of 3 (3,6,9, etc). Note: If your sensor and fire control outrange your missile design, and you later design a higher tech missile with a longer range, you can take advantage of the new missile without refitting the ship. This way missile ships last longer without being obsolete.
If you've designed a particularly long range missile, you may end up out-ranging your opponents missiles, in which case the most important part of the ship is the number of launchers and magazine size. Closing the range against a missile ship isn't really possible in the combat timescale; even if the other ship is slower they can usually empty their magazines before you close more than a hundredth of the missiles range; generally the longer ranged ship gets to fire unopposed till its magazines are empty. If you expect to be trading missiles with your opponent, though, you'll probably want things like armor on your ship. Possibly point defense as well, or else point defense on a dedicated escort ship.